{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:45:25Z","timestamp":1789577125512,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Our aim was to determine\n Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence using the Aptima\n Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n assay (ATV; Gen-Probe) and the prevalence of\n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n coinfections in U.S. women undergoing screening for\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n . Discarded urogenital samples from 7,593 women (18 to 89 years old) undergoing\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n screening using the Aptima Combo 2 assay (Gen-Probe) in various clinical settings were tested with ATV. Overall,\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n , and\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalences were 8.7%, 6.7%, and 1.7%, respectively.\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n was more prevalent than\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n or\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n in all age groups except the 18- to 19-year-old group. The highest\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence was in women \u226540 years old (>11%), while the highest\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence (9.2%) and\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence (2.2%) were in women <30 years old. Coinfection prevalences were 1.3% for\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n , 0.61% for\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n , and 0.24% for\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n and highest in women <30 years old.\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence differed by race\/ethnicity, with the highest prevalence in black women (20.2%).\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence ranged from 5.4% in family planning clinics to 22.3% in jails. Multivariate analysis determined that ages of \u226540 years, black race, and patient locations were significantly associated with\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n infection.\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women of >40 years, while\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence is lowest in that age group. Higher\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence in women of >40 years is probably attributed to the reason for testing, i.e., symptomatic status versus routine screening in younger women. Coinfections were relatively low. High\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n prevalence in all age groups suggests that women screened for\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n , whether asymptomatic or symptomatic, should be screened for\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:named-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00748-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,24]],"date-time":"2012-05-24T04:20:29Z","timestamp":1337833229000},"page":"2601-2608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as Determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"C. C.","family":"Ginocchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Shore-LIJ Health System Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, Hofstra University North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Lake Success, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Chapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifespan Academic Medical Centers and Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Gilling School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Aslanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hartford Hospital and Clinical Laboratory Partners, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Snook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. S.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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