{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:34:40Z","timestamp":1792654480305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Standardized methodologies for determining the antifungal susceptibility of fungal pathogens is central to the clinical management of invasive fungal disease. Yeast-form fungi can be tested using broth macrodilution and microdilution assays. Reference procedures exist for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            species and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            yeasts; however, no standardized methods have been developed for testing the antifungal susceptibility of yeast forms of the dimorphic systemic fungal pathogens. For the dimorphic fungal pathogen\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Histoplasma capsulatum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , susceptibility to echinocandins differs for the yeast and the filamentous forms, which highlights the need to employ\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Histoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n            yeasts, not hyphae, in antifungal susceptibility tests. To address this, we developed and optimized methodology for the 96-well microtiter plate-based measurement of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Histoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n            yeast growth\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . Using optical density, the assay is quantitative for fungal growth with a dynamic range greater than 30-fold. Concentration and assay reaction time parameters were also optimized for colorimetric (MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reduction) and fluorescent (resazurin reduction) indicators of fungal vitality. We employed this microtiter-based assay to determine the antifungal susceptibility patterns of multiple clinical isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Histoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n            representing different phylogenetic groups. This methodology fulfills a critical need for the ability to monitor the effectiveness of antifungals on\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Histoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n            yeasts, the morphological form present in mammalian hosts and, thus, the form most relevant to disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00795-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T02:19:23Z","timestamp":1438827563000},"page":"3286-3295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Quantitative Microplate-Based Growth Assay for Determination of Antifungal Susceptibility of Histoplasma capsulatum Yeasts"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Kristie D.","family":"Goughenour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan-Miquel","family":"Balada-Llasat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad A.","family":"Rappleye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00937-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"CLSI document M27-A3 28","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2008. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard\u20143rd ed. CLSI document M27-A3 28. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01935.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"CLSI document M38-A2 28","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; approved standard\u20142nd ed. CLSI document M38-A2 28. 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In vitro sensitivity of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole. Rev Cubana Med Trop 55:76\u201382. 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