{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:46:38Z","timestamp":1791812798585,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) is a promising therapeutic for New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (NDM-E) infections. We evaluated the performance of disk diffusion and gradient diffusion methods compared with reference broth microdilution (BMD) for ATM-AVI susceptibility testing. A total of 245 non-duplicate NDM-E isolates were included, collected from unique patients at hospitals in Chile and the United States between 2022 and 2024. Nine ATM-AVI non-susceptible isolates from a separate collection were added to enrich for resistant isolates, yielding a total of 254 isolates. Reference BMD was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. ATM-AVI disk diffusion and two gradient diffusion methods (ETEST and MIC Test Strip) were evaluated against BMD using categorical agreement, essential agreement, and CLSI-defined error rates. All 245 NDM-E isolates were susceptible to ATM-AVI (MIC \u22644\/4 \u00b5g\/mL), with MIC\u2085\u2080\/\u2089\u2080 values of 0.25\/4 and 1\/4 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The collection consisted of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (71%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex (21%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (8%). Predominant NDM alleles included\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Disk diffusion demonstrated 98% categorical agreement (250\/254), with four minor errors. Both gradient diffusion methods achieved 99% categorical agreement (252\/254), with no very major or major errors and two minor errors. Essential agreement was 67% for ETEST and 85% for MIC Test Strip; both methods tended to underestimate ATM-AVI MICs relative to BMD. ATM-AVI demonstrated robust\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity against a contemporary NDM-E cohort. Disk and gradient diffusion methods are practical alternatives to BMD for clinical laboratories.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00797-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:01:46Z","timestamp":1791810106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for aztreonam-avibactam against NDM-producing Enterobacterales clinical isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8075-9812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lina","family":"Rivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xrt2s12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Genomics & Resistant Microbes Group (GeRM), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovaci\u00f3n en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Cl\u00ednica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R)","place":["Las Condes, Chile"]},{"name":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and New Technologies for Infectious Emerging Threats (SENTINET)","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9783-1956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorena","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xrt2s12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Genomics & Resistant Microbes Group (GeRM), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovaci\u00f3n en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Cl\u00ednica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R)","place":["Las Condes, Chile"]},{"name":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and New Technologies for Infectious Emerging Threats (SENTINET)","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xrt2s12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Genomics & Resistant Microbes Group (GeRM), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovaci\u00f3n en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Cl\u00ednica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R)","place":["Las Condes, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9733-1118","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose R. 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