{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:05:34Z","timestamp":1789560334851,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Community-acquired methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (CA-MRSA) has emerged as a major public health problem in Australia, as in many other parts of the world. High rates of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infection have been reported from Aboriginal communities. We used a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping typing system based on the multilocus sequence type (MLST) database to investigate the epidemiology of CA-MRSA and methicillin-sensitive\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MSSA) over a 12-month period in three remote Aboriginal communities of Northern Australia. This was supplemented by real-time PCR for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            (SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            ) typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            was recovered from pyoderma lesions on 221 occasions and throat swabs on 44 occasions. The median monthly recovery rate of\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            from skin sores was 58% (interquartile range, 62 to 78%), and there was no seasonal variation. Twenty-three percent of isolates were CA-MRSA; the proportion was similar across the communities and did not vary over the study period. Erythromycin resistance was found in 47% of CA-MRSA and 21% of MSSA. SNP-based typing identified 14 different clonal complexes (cc); however, cc75 was predominant, accounting for 71% of CA-MRSA isolates. These were confirmed as ST75-like by using an additional SNP and MLST of selected isolates. All but one of the cc75 isolates had SSC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            type IV (one had type V), and all were PVL negative. Monthly tracking of SNP-based cc types showed a highly dynamic process. ST75-MRSA-IV appears to be unique to the region and probably evolved de novo in remote Aboriginal communities.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00836-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,4]],"date-time":"2006-10-04T17:59:53Z","timestamp":1159984793000},"page":"3720-3727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Use of a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping System To Demonstrate the Unique Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n            in Remote Aboriginal Communities"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Malcolm","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Dougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Huygens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Oppedisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Giffard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Inman-Bamber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex J.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Towers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Carapetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2005. 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