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To explore the host immune factors in selection of the emergence of this new variant, we characterized its antigenic relatedness with the GII.4 noroviruses that have dominated in China for decades. Through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) blocking assay using sera from GII.4 and the GII.17 variant-infected patients, respectively, we observed limited cross-immune reactivity by the ELISA but little reactivity by the HBGA blocking assay between GII.4 norovirus and the new GII.17 variant. Our data suggest that, among other possible factors, GII.4-specific herd immunity had little role in the emergence of the new GII.17 variant. Thus, GII.17 may be an important active antigenic type or immunotype that needs to be considered for future vaccine strategies against human noroviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00865-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T01:12:32Z","timestamp":1505351552000},"page":"3366-3373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Characterization of Antigenic Relatedness between GII.4 and GII.17 Noroviruses by Use of Serum Samples from Norovirus-Infected Patients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ying-Chun","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Li","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu-Fu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01535-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1010-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.150226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.24.21157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.26.21173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"949","volume-title":"Fields virology","author":"Green KY","year":"2013","unstructured":"Green KY . 2013. 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