{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:37:13Z","timestamp":1790271433643,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI007061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32AI124590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AI124590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL 1TR002541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL 1TR002541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a severe international shortage of the nasopharyngeal swabs that are required for collection of optimal specimens, creating a critical bottleneck blocking clinical laboratories\u2019 ability to perform high-sensitivity virological testing for SARS-CoV-2. To address this crisis, we designed and executed an innovative, cooperative, rapid-response translational-research program that brought together health care workers, manufacturers, and scientists to emergently develop and clinically validate new swabs for immediate mass production by 3D printing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00876-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T10:46:53Z","timestamp":1589280413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Open Development and Clinical Validation of Multiple 3D-Printed Nasopharyngeal Collection Swabs: Rapid Resolution of a Critical COVID-19 Testing Bottleneck"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Cody J.","family":"Callahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn E.","family":"Zulauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Tamburello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Previtera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Therapy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdul Azim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infection Control\/Hospital Epidemiology, Silverman Institute for Healthcare Quality and Safety, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Doraiswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Perioperative Services, Department of Central Processing, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramy A.","family":"Arnaout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. COVID-19 map. https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/map.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Thomas K. 2020. The latest obstacle to getting tested? A shortage of face masks and swabs. New York Times. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/18\/health\/coronavirus-test-shortages-face-masks-swabs.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Bessetti J. 2007. An introduction to PCR inhibitors. Promega. https:\/\/www.promega.es\/-\/media\/files\/resources\/profiles-in-dna\/1001\/an-introduction-to-pcr-inhibitors.pdf?la=es-es."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","article-title":"Patient-collected tongue, nasal, and mid-turbinate swabs for SARS-CoV-2 yield equivalent sensitivity to health care worker collected nasopharyngeal swabs","author":"Tu Y-P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tu Y-P, Jennings R, Hart B, Cangelosi G, Wood R, Wehber K, Verma P, Vojta D, Berke EM. 2020. Patient-collected tongue, nasal, and mid-turbinate swabs for SARS-CoV-2 yield equivalent sensitivity to health care worker collected nasopharyngeal swabs. MedRxiv https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.01.20050005v1.","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00721-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-016-0236-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Arnaout RA. Covidswab. Github. https:\/\/github.com\/rarnaout\/Covidswab."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.0159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.07.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Becton Dickinson and Company. 2017. BD Gram stain kits and reagents. https:\/\/legacy.bd.com\/resource.aspx?IDX=19184."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"Preparation of viral transport medium. SOP# DSR-052\u201301","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. Preparation of viral transport medium. SOP# DSR-052\u201301. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbott. 2020. Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2. Abbott, Des Plaines, IL. https:\/\/www.molecular.abbott\/sal\/9N77-095_SARS-CoV-2_US_EUA_Amp_PI.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02023-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 4 May 2020. Round-robin tournament on Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Round-robin_tournament."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 11 May 2020. A\/B testing on Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A\/B_testing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02043"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00876-20","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00876-20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T05:52:55Z","timestamp":1646459575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.00876-20"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Caliendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.00876-20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00876-20","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.14.20065094","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00876-20"}}