{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:02:43Z","timestamp":1789876963843,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["087622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["087622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A carriage study was undertaken (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 112) to ascertain the prevalence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. following the eighth case of invasive meningococcal disease in young children (5 to 46 months) and members of a large extended indigenous ethnic minority Traveller family (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 123), typically associated with high-occupancy living conditions. Nested multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was employed for case specimen extracts. Isolates were genome sequenced and then were assembled\n            <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n            and deposited into the Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequencing Database (BIGSdb). This facilitated an expanded MLST approach utilizing large numbers of loci for isolate characterization and discrimination. A rare sequence type, ST-6697, predominated in disease specimens and isolates that were carried (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 8\/14), persisting for at least 44 months, likely driven by the high population density of houses (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 67\/112) and trailers (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 45\/112). Carriage for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05) and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria lactamica<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.002) (2-sided Fisher's exact test) was more likely in the smaller, more densely populated trailers. Meningococcal carriage was highest in 24- to 39-year-olds (45%,\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 9\/20). Evidence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) was observed in four individuals cocolonized by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria lactamica<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . One HGT event resulted in the acquisition of 26 consecutive\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. lactamica<\/jats:named-content>\n            alleles. This study demonstrates how housing density can drive meningococcal transmission and carriage, which likely facilitated the persistence of ST-6697 and prolonged the outbreak. Whole-genome MLST effectively distinguished between highly similar outbreak strain isolates, including those isolated from person-to-person transmission, and also highlighted how a few HGT events can distort the true phylogenetic relationship between highly similar clonal isolates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00881-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T02:38:40Z","timestamp":1473907120000},"page":"2891-2899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Resolution of a Protracted Serogroup B Meningococcal Outbreak with Whole-Genome Sequencing Shows Interspecies Genetic Transfer"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Mulhall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Brehony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lois","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, HSE East, Dr Steevens' Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Meyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Jolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C. 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