{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:39:34Z","timestamp":1789079974471,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. Combined, the array of tests performed on a single specimen can increase the turnaround time (TAT) significantly. We validated a 19plex laboratory-developed gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GPP) using Luminex xTAG analyte-specific reagents (ASRs) to simultaneously screen directly in fecal specimens for diarrhea-causing pathogens, including bacteria (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>spp.,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>spp., enterotoxigenic<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>[ETEC], Shiga toxin-producing<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>[STEC],<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>O157:H7,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:named-content>, and toxigenic<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Clostridium difficile<\/jats:named-content>), parasites (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Giardia lamblia<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>spp., and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:named-content>), and viruses (norovirus GI and GII, adenovirus 40\/41, and rotavirus A). Performance characteristics of GPP ASRs were determined using 48 reference isolates and 254 clinical specimens. Stool specimens from individuals with diarrhea were tested for pathogens using conventional and molecular methods. Using the predictive methods as standards, the sensitivities of the GPP ASRs were 100% for adenovirus 40\/41, norovirus, rotavirus A,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>spp., and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>O157:H7; 95% for<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Giardia lamblia<\/jats:named-content>; 94% for ETEC and STEC; 93% for<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>spp.; 92% for<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>spp.; 91% for<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>A\/B toxins; and 90% for<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:named-content>. The overall comparative performance of the GPP ASRs with conventional methods in clinical samples was 94.5% (range, 90% to 97%), with 99% (99.0% to 99.9%) specificity. Implementation of the GPP ASRs enables our public health laboratory to offer highly sensitive and specific screening and identification of the major ADD-causing pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00896-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,13]],"date-time":"2013-07-13T05:40:08Z","timestamp":1373694008000},"page":"3018-3024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Evaluation of Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Analyte-Specific Reagents for High-Throughput, Simultaneous Detection of Bacteria, Viruses, and Parasites of Clinical and Public Health Importance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Jose F.","family":"Navidad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Griswold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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