{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:50:37Z","timestamp":1791175837613,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The widespread use of antifungal agents, which is likely to expand with their enhanced availability, has promoted the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) is now an essential procedure for guiding appropriate antifungal therapy. Recently, we developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method that enables the detection of fungal isolates with reduced echinocandin susceptibility, relying on the proteome changes that are detectable after a 15-h exposure of fungal cells to serial drug concentrations. Here, we describe a simplified version of this approach that facilitates discrimination of the susceptible and resistant isolates of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    after a 3-h incubation in the presence of \u201cbreakpoint\u201d level drug concentrations of the echinocandin caspofungin (CSF). Spectra at concentrations of 0 (null), 0.03 (intermediate), and 32 (maximal) \u03bcg\/ml of CSF were used to create individual composite correlation index (CCI) matrices for 65\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates, including 13\n                    <jats:italic>fks1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants. Isolates are then classified as susceptible or resistant to CSF if the CCI values of spectra at 0.03 and 32 \u03bcg\/ml are higher or lower, respectively, than the CCI values of spectra at 0.03 and 0 \u03bcg\/ml. In this way, the drug resistance of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates to echinocandin antifungals can be quickly assessed. Furthermore, the isolate categorizations determined using MALDI-TOF MS-based AFST (ms-AFST) were consistent with the wild-type and mutant\n                    <jats:italic>FKS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotypes and the AFST reference methodology. The ms-AFST approach may provide a rapid and reliable means of detecting emerging antifungal resistance and accelerating the initiation of appropriate antifungal treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00903-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T04:12:37Z","timestamp":1372911157000},"page":"2964-2969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Rapid Antifungal Susceptibility Testing by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization\u2013Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Vella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"De Carolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Posteraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Ospedale San Carlo, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Perlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kostrzewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruker Daltonik, Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunella","family":"Posteraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Sanguinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e32833e84d2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e32833e2629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01988.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(08)70009-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01813.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00937-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-012-0100-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"CSLI M27-S4","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2012. 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