{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:16:45Z","timestamp":1791166605471,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We developed two real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, targeting the 28S rRNA gene, for the diagnosis of zygomycosis caused by the most common, clinically significant Zygomycetes. The amplicons of the first qPCR assay (qPCR-1) from\n            <jats:italic>Rhizopus, Mucor<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Rhizomucor<\/jats:italic>\n            species were distinguished through melt curve analysis. The second qPCR assay (qPCR-2) detected\n            <jats:italic>Cunninghamella<\/jats:italic>\n            species using a different primer\/probe set. For both assays, the analytic sensitivity for the detection of hyphal elements from germinating sporangiospores in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue homogenates from rabbits was 1 to 10 sporangiospores\/ml. Four unique and clinically applicable models of invasive pulmonary zygomycosis served as surrogates of human infections, facilitating the validation of these assays for potential diagnostic utility. For qPCR-1, 5 of 98 infarcted lung specimens were positive by qPCR and negative by quantitative culture (qCx). None were qCx positive only. Among 23 BAL fluid samples, all were positive by qPCR, while 22 were positive by qCx. qPCR-1 detected\n            <jats:italic>Rhizopus<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA in 20 (39%) of 51 serial plasma samples as early as day 1 postinoculation. Similar properties were observed for qPCR-2, which showed greater sensitivity than qCx for BAL fluid (100% versus 67%;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.04;\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 15). The assay detected\n            <jats:italic>Cunninghamella<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA in 18 (58%) of 31 serial plasma samples as early as day 1 postinoculation. These qPCR assays are sensitive and specific for the detection of\n            <jats:italic>Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Cunninghamella<\/jats:italic>\n            species and can be used for the study and detection of infections caused by these life-threatening pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00917-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,10]],"date-time":"2008-10-10T02:08:42Z","timestamp":1223604522000},"page":"3690-3702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Detection of a Molecular Biomarker for Zygomycetes by Quantitative PCR Assays of Plasma, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, and Lung Tissue in a Rabbit Model of Experimental Pulmonary Zygomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Miki","family":"Kasai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Francesconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidmantas","family":"Petraitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"},{"name":"LASP, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Petraitiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"},{"name":"LASP, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara G.","family":"Beveridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tena","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Milanovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret P.","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Schaufele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin","family":"Sein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios P.","family":"Kontoyiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. 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