{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:32:28Z","timestamp":1787016748239,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pyrazinamide is important in tuberculosis treatment, as it is bactericidal to semidormant mycobacteria not killed by other antituberculosis drugs. Pyrazinamide is also one of the cornerstone drugs retained in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, due to technical difficulties, routine drug susceptibility testing of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    for pyrazinamide is, in many laboratories, not performed. The objective of our study was to generate information on pyrazinamide susceptibility among South African MDR and susceptible\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Seventy-one MDR and 59 fully susceptible\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates collected during the national surveillance study (2001 to 2002, by the Medical Research Council, South Africa) were examined for pyrazinamide susceptibility by the radiometric Bactec 460 TB system, pyrazinamidase activity (by Wayne's assay), and sequencing of the\n                    <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. The frequency of pyrazinamide resistance (by the Bactec system) among the MDR\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was 37 of 71 (52.1%) and 6 of 59 (10.2%) among fully sensitive isolates. A total of 25 unique mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene were detected. The majority of these were point mutations that resulted in amino acid substitutions. Twenty-eight isolates had identical mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, but could be differentiated from each other by a combination of the spoligotype patterns and 12 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit loci. A high proportion of South African MDR\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were resistant to pyrazinamide, suggesting an evaluation of its role in patients treated previously for tuberculosis as well as its role in the treatment of MDR-TB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00973-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,27]],"date-time":"2008-08-27T20:54:47Z","timestamp":1219870487000},"page":"3459-3464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Pyrazinamide Resistance among South African Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Matsie","family":"Mphahlele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gade Institute, Section of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Syre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gade Institute, Section of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha\u030avard","family":"Valvatne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gade Institute, Section of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Stavrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gade Institute, Section of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turid","family":"Mannsa\u030aker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tshilidzi","family":"Muthivhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Weyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Bernard","family":"Fourie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine in Need, MRC Building, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harleen M. S.","family":"Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gade Institute, Section of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.24.4.600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"216","volume":"5","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dale, J. W., D. Brittain, A. A. Cataldi, D. Cousins, J. T. Crawford, J. Driscoll, H. Heersma, T. Lillebaek, T. Quitugua, N. Rastogi, R. A Skuce, C. Sola, D. van Soolingen, and V. 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