{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:04:29Z","timestamp":1790129069025,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The incidence of simian virus 40 (SV40) infections in rhesus macaques infected with simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) and in uninfected animals was determined using PCR. Rates varied from 5% in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of uninfected monkeys to 19.6% in SHIV-infected macaques. Much higher detection rates, up to 75%, were found in lymph nodes and spleen samples of SHIV-infected animals. Sequence analysis of PCR amplicons revealed that they form two genetic clusters, one containing the majority of known SV40 strains and the other formed by variants with 7% genetic difference. Based on this difference, we propose two SV40 types: \u201ctype 1\u201d or \u201cclassical type\u201d for the majority of SV40 strains and \u201ctype 2\u201d for the novel SV40 variants. The genome of one variant, SV40-Ri257, was completely sequenced and analyzed. The agnogene of SV40-Ri257 extends into the VP2 open reading frame and encodes a typical agnoprotein fused to a C-terminal hydrophobic region. The transcriptional control region (TCR) of SV40-Ri257 is the least conserved region compared to type 1 viruses. Particularly, the 3\u2032 end of the TCR, containing the early promoter and enhancer region, exhibits considerable variation. Further analysis of SHIV-infected macaques with type-specific PCRs revealed that the TCR of type 1 was completely conserved, whereas this region in type 2 varied considerably within the early enhancer region. We provide evidence here for the existence of a novel SV40 type in rhesus macaques and show that double infections with both types frequently occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01005-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T03:11:32Z","timestamp":1297307492000},"page":"1280-1286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Analysis of a Novel Simian Virus 40 (SV40) Type in Rhesus Macaques and Evidence for Double Infections with the Classical SV40 Type"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Fagrouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Karremans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Deuzing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"van Gessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"Niphuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Bogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst J.","family":"Verschoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.7.750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.21.10290-10299.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1361-1366.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e318180f0d5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-107-26576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(62)90082-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/273113a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.4.593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"1431","article-title":"Simian virus 40-induced disease in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"140","author":"Horvath C. 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