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For this, a total of 83\n              <jats:italic>Av. paragallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates and strains were collected from 15 countries. To select unrelated isolates for method validation steps, macrorestriction analyses were performed with 15\n              <jats:italic>Av. paragallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n              . The visible growth of\n              <jats:italic>Av. paragallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n              was examined in six broth media and growth curves were compiled. In Veterinary Fastidious Medium and cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) + 1% chicken serum + 0.0025% NADH (CAMHB + CS + NADH), visible growth of all isolates was detected and both media allowed adequate bacterial growth. Due to the better readability of\n              <jats:italic>Av. paragallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n              growth in microtiter plates, CAMHB + CS + NADH was chosen for AST. Repetitions of MIC testing with five epidemiologically unrelated isolates using a panel of 24 antimicrobial agents resulted in high essential MIC agreements of 96%\u2013100% after 48-h incubation at 35 \u00b1 2\u00b0C. Hence, the remaining 78\n              <jats:italic>Av. paragallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n              were tested and demonstrated easily readable MICs with the proposed method. Differences in MICs were detected between isolates from different continents, with isolates from Africa showing lower MICs compared to isolates from America and Europe, which more often showed elevated MICs of aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and\/or trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole. PCR analyses of isolates used for method development revealed that isolates with elevated MICs of tetracyclines harbored the tetracycline resistance gene\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (B) but none of the other tested resistance genes were detected. Therefore, whole-genome sequencing data from 62\n              <jats:italic>Av. paragallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n              were analyzed and revealed the presence of sequences showing nucleotide sequence identity to the genes\n              <jats:italic>aph(6)-Id<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>aph(3\u2033)-Ib<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>TEM-1B<\/jats:sub>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>catA2, sul2<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (B),\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (H), and\n              <jats:italic>mcr-<\/jats:italic>\n              like. Overall, the proposed method using CAMHB + CS + NADH for susceptibility testing with 48-h incubation time at 35 \u00b1 2\u00b0C in ambient air was shown to be suitable for\n              <jats:italic>Av. paragallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n              . Due to a variety of resistance genes detected, the development of clinical breakpoints is highly recommended.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Avibacterium paragallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n              is an important pathogen in veterinary medicine that causes infectious coryza in chickens. Since antibiotics are often used for treatment and resistance of the pathogen is known, targeted therapy should be given after resistance testing of the pathogen. Unfortunately, there is currently no accepted method in standards that allows susceptibility testing of this fastidious pathogen. Therefore, we have worked out a method that allows harmonized susceptibility testing of the pathogen. The method meets the requirements of the CLSI and could be used by diagnostic laboratories.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01011-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T14:00:17Z","timestamp":1708092017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Recommendation of a standardized broth microdilution method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of\n            <i>Avibacterium paragallinarum<\/i>\n            and resistance monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Franziska","family":"G\u00fctgemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 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