{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:56:41Z","timestamp":1790913401970,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nocardiosis is an underrecognized clinical entity in South Africa, for which interspecies epidemiological and clinical differences are poorly understood. The taxonomical state of flux and the lack of a simple antimicrobial susceptibility testing method are partly responsible. Definitive identification is molecularly based, which further complicates the study of this ubiquitous organism, as this methodology is beyond the scope of most routine diagnostic laboratories. The Etest methodology has been proposed as an alternative to the reference broth microdilution method, although there have been a limited number of comparative studies. We profiled 51 clinical isolates of aerobic actinomycetes, including 39\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, using sequence-based (16S rRNA) identification. Broth microdilution and Etests were done concurrently on all isolates. The overall level of categorical and essential agreement for broth microdilution and Etest for the\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates ranged from 67.5 to 100% and 46.2 to 81.6%, respectively. Very major errors were seen with amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and imipenem. For\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, uniform susceptibility to co-trimoxazole, amikacin, and linezolid was demonstrated, with a 48.8% susceptibility rate to imipenem.\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia farcinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (20.5%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (15.4%) were the most commonly identified species among the 82% of isolates identified to species level using 16S rRNA sequences. Furthermore, drug susceptibility patterns demonstrated limited concordance with species identification. Our results suggest that, in a routine diagnostic setting, the Etest is not an acceptable alternative to the reference method of broth microdilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Given the diversity and limited understanding of this group of organisms, further widespread evaluation of clinical isolates, from both clinical and diagnostic perspectives, is warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01073-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]],"date-time":"2010-10-27T22:25:13Z","timestamp":1288218313000},"page":"4534-4540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Profiling of\n                    <i>Nocardia<\/i>\n                    Species and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes from South Africa: Comparative Evaluation of Broth Microdilution versus the Etest"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Warren","family":"Lowman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Infection Control Services, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"and Infection Control Services Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Avenue, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naseema","family":"Aithma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Services, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.4.847-852.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(94)90120-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Clinical microbiology procedures handbook 2004 vol. 2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"259","volume":"19","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown-Elliot, B. A., J. M. Brown, P. S. Conville, and R. J. Wallace, Jr. 2006. Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19 : 259-282.","journal-title":"based on current molecular taxonomy. Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. 2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.578-584.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00133-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"515","volume":"1","year":"2007","unstructured":"Conville, P. S., and F. G. Witebsky. 2007. Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Actinomadura, Streptomyces, and other aerobic actinomycetes, p. 515-542. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, J. H. Jorgensen, M. L. Landry, and M. A. Pfaller (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 9th ed., vol. 1. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","journal-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01460.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2000.0729"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63074-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MYCO.0000020588.60081.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01715551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181afa1c8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46774-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"60","volume":"19","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murray, J., P. Back, and G. Nelson. 2004. Pulmonary nocardiosis in autopsies of South African miners. S. Afr. J. Epidemiol. Infect. 19(2): 60-62.","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria nocardiae and other aerobic actinomycetes. 2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2530-2540.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.9.3798-3806.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.851-856.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02950.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(01)00273-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.3.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.12.1776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Report. 2009. Global tuberculosis control. South Africa 2007. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/globalatlas\/predefinedReports\/TB\/PDF_Files\/zaf.pdf\n. Last accessed 20 May 2010."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01073-10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01073-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T03:37:35Z","timestamp":1646451455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01073-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01073-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01073-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-10-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}