{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:15:35Z","timestamp":1780658135702,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A total of 20\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates were recovered for investigation from a cholera outbreak in Kelantan, Malaysia, that occurred between November and December 2009. All isolates were biochemically characterized as\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            serogroup O1 Ogawa of the El Tor biotype. They were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics, including tetracycline, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, streptomycin, penicillin G, and polymyxin B, with 35% of the isolates being resistant to ampicillin. All isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and kanamycin. Multiplex PCR analysis confirmed the biochemical identification and revealed the presence of virulence genes,\n            <jats:italic>viz<\/jats:italic>\n            .,\n            <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>zot<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>ctxA<\/jats:italic>\n            , in all of the isolates. Interestingly, the sequencing of the\n            <jats:italic>ctxB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene showed that the outbreak strain harbored the classical cholera toxin gene and therefore belongs to the newly assigned El Tor variant biotype. Clonal analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that a single clone of a\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            strain was responsible for this outbreak. Thus, we present the first molecular evidence that the toxigenic\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1 El Tor variant has invaded Malaysia, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring to facilitate early interventions against any potential epidemic by this biotype.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01086-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]],"date-time":"2010-09-09T02:04:38Z","timestamp":1283997878000},"page":"3963-3969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Molecular Evidence of Cholera Outbreak Caused by a Toxigenic\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            O1 El Tor Variant Strain in Kelantan, Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Geik Yong","family":"Ang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choo Yee","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamarudin","family":"Balqis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husni Tan","family":"Elina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussin","family":"Azura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mat Hussin","family":"Hani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit (Infectious Diseases), Public Health Division, Kelantan Health Department, Kota Bharu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Yean","family":"Yean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90481-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1011.040682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.15.4259-4269.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.7.1685-1690.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Standardized molecular subtyping of food-borne bacterial pathogen by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800048846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2594-2597.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Performance standards for antimicrobial testing. 2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"320","volume":"26","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deris, Z. 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