{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:32:07Z","timestamp":1789914727643,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Babesia rossi<\/jats:italic>\n            , an intraerythrocytic protozoan, causes a severe, often life-threatening disease of domestic dogs. Dogs treated early for\n            <jats:italic>B. rossi<\/jats:italic>\n            infection usually recover from the disease, but dogs left untreated or treated at a later stage of infection seldom survive. Dogs infected with\n            <jats:italic>B. rossi<\/jats:italic>\n            have varied clinical manifestations that can be categorized as uncomplicated (with a good prognosis) or complicated (with a poor prognosis). One hundred twenty-one blood samples were collected from dogs presented to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital and diagnosed with babesiosis by the use of a thin blood smear. An additional 20 samples were obtained from\n            <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n            -infected dogs from private clinics around the Onderstepoort, Johannesburg, Durban, White River, and Cape Town areas. The samples were screened by PCR targeting the\n            <jats:italic>Babesia rossi<\/jats:italic>\n            erythrocyte membrane antigen gene (Br\n            <jats:italic>EMA1<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and by sequencing of the polymorphic region (i.e., region with a variable number of hexapeptide repeats). Analysis of PCR products revealed 11 different gene profiles, visualized by gel electrophoresis. Twelve distinct Br\n            <jats:italic>EMA1<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes were identified by sequencing, but the numbers of hexapeptide repeats varied from 6 to 31 (classified as genotype6 to genotype31). The genotypes were retrospectively compared to the clinical case data. The most frequently encountered\n            <jats:italic>B. rossi<\/jats:italic>\n            parasites were those attributed to genotype19 (36.2%), genotype28 and genotype29 (20.6% each), and genotype11 (12.7%). These genotypes were also the ones associated with the poorest prognosis. This preliminary finding suggests clinically important differences between the various\n            <jats:italic>B. rossi<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes identified.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01110-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]],"date-time":"2009-09-10T01:32:15Z","timestamp":1252546335000},"page":"3586-3592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Preliminary Evaluation of the Br\n            <i>EMA1<\/i>\n            Gene as a Tool for Associating\n            <i>Babesia rossi<\/i>\n            Genotypes and Clinical Manifestation of Canine Babesiosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"P. T.","family":"Matjila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Carcy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, UMR 5235-CNRS-UMI\/UMII, ERT 1038 Vaccination Antiparasitaire, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, BP 14491, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Leisewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Schetters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, UMR 5235-CNRS-UMI\/UMII, ERT 1038 Vaccination Antiparasitaire, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, BP 14491, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France"},{"name":"Parasitology R&amp;D Department, Intervet\/Schering-Plough Animal Health, P.O. Box 315830, AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Jongejan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa"},{"name":"Utrecht University, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht Centre for Tick-Borne Diseases (UCTD), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gorenflot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, UMR 5235-CNRS-UMI\/UMII, ERT 1038 Vaccination Antiparasitaire, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, BP 14491, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. L.","family":"Penzhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"27","volume":"13","year":"2004","unstructured":"Allred, D. R., and B. Al-Khedery. 2004. Antigenic variation and cytoadhesion in Babesia bovis and Plasmodium falciparum: different logics achieve the same goal. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.13:27-35.","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. 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Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02381.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415673a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.3921-3928.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01566-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"247","volume":"66","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shakespeare, A. S. 1995. The incidence of canine babesiosis amongst sick dogs presented to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital. J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.66:247-250.","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. 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