{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T06:26:10Z","timestamp":1763619970491},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Optochin (Opt) susceptibility is used largely for the identification of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            in diagnostic laboratories. Opt-resistant (Opt\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            )\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates have been reported, however, indicating the potential for misidentification of this important pathogen. Point mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>atpC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene have been associated with the emergence of Opt\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , but data on the characterization of such atypical variants of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            are still limited. The present report describes the results of a polyphasic approach to identifying and characterizing 26 Opt\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates recovered from patients or carriers living in Brazil. Sixteen isolates consisted of heterogeneous populations, and 10 isolates were homogeneously Opt\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            . The isolates had different serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. They also presented diverse genetic characteristics, as indicated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), and\n            <jats:italic>pspA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene typing. Except for Opt MICs (4- to 64-fold higher among Opt\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            variants), Opt\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            and Opt-susceptible (Opt\n            <jats:sup>s<\/jats:sup>\n            ) subpopulations originating from the same culture had identical characteristics. Sequencing of the\n            <jats:italic>atpC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene of the Opt\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            variants revealed 13 different nucleotide changes distributed among eight different codons. Changes in codon 49 were the most frequent, suggesting that this might be a hot spot for optochin resistance-conferring mutations. On the other hand, five novel types of mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>atpC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene (Met13Ile, Gly18Ser, Gly20Ala, Ala31Val, and Ala49Gly) were identified.\n            <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n            prediction modeling indicated that the\n            <jats:italic>atpC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene mutations corresponded to alterations in the transmembrane region of the ATPase, leading to a higher hydrophobicity profile in \u03b1-helix 1 and to a lower hydrophobicity profile in \u03b1-helix 2.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01168-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T14:00:06Z","timestamp":1374760806000},"page":"3242-3249","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Optochin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Brazil, with Description of Five Novel Mutations in the\n            <i>atpC<\/i>\n            Gene"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Tatiana C. A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline R. V.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine E. C. M.","family":"de Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia S.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando A.","family":"Borges Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe P. G.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Biom\u00e9dico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia L. 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