{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T09:14:31Z","timestamp":1776503671652,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Despite the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among gonococci worldwide, limited reports are available from Brazilian locations. In the present study, 25 quinolone-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (QRNG) strains isolated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods, including analysis of mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. They represented 16.5% of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates obtained during a survey performed from 2006 to 2010. A trend for increasing resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in the period investigated. The most prevalent pattern of mutation observed among QRNG isolates, Ser-91 to Phe and Asp-95 to Gly in\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            and Ser-87 to Arg in\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            , was detected in 40% of the isolates exhibiting MICs ranging from 4 to &gt;32 \u03bcg\/ml. Rare types of mutations were found in the\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene (Gln-102 to His [12%] and Asp-95 to Tyr [4%]) and in the\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene (Ser-88 to Thr [4%]). The genetic relationship of the QRNG isolates, evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, suggested that the increase in the frequencies of the QRNG isolates in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, may have arisen as a result of simultaneous spread of two clonal groups. The results also indicate that fluoroquinolones may no longer be used as first line antibiotics for the treatment of gonorrhea in Rio de Janeiro, and that programs for antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            should also be implemented in other regions of Brazil.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01175-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,6]],"date-time":"2011-10-06T00:53:59Z","timestamp":1317862439000},"page":"4208-4212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Quinolone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates from Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Aline A.","family":"Uehara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Departamento Microbiologia M\u00e9dica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efig\u00eania L. T.","family":"Amorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Sergio Franco, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria de F\u00e1tima","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Sergio Franco, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia F.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Microbiologia, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maysa B. 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