{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:25:34Z","timestamp":1791156334231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Isoenzyme analysis of cultured parasites is the conventional approach for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            species identification. Molecular approaches have the potential to be more sensitive and rapid. We designed PCR generic primers to amplify a segment of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) from multiple\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            species. To validate the selected ITS2 fragment, we tested clinical specimens and compared the species results obtained by the molecular approach (PCR followed by DNA sequencing analysis) with those from the parasitologic approach (\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            culture followed by isoenzyme analysis). Among the 159 patients with clinical specimens positive by both approaches, a total of eight\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            species were identified. The species results were concordant for all but two patients: for one patient, the results were\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Viannia<\/jats:named-content>\n            )\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">guyanensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            by the molecular approach versus\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            by the parasitologic approach; for the other patient, the results were\n            <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            )\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">tropica<\/jats:named-content>\n            versus\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. (L.) major<\/jats:named-content>\n            , respectively. ITS2 PCR, followed by sequencing analysis, can be used to detect and discriminate among\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            species. The results confirmed our hypothesis that a region of the ITS2 gene can complement the characterization of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            parasites at the species level. The approach we developed can be used as a diagnostic tool in reference laboratories with adequate infrastructure to perform molecular characterization of pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01177-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]],"date-time":"2011-07-14T02:57:40Z","timestamp":1310612260000},"page":"3143-3149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Identification of Leishmania spp. by Molecular Amplification and DNA Sequencing Analysis of a Fragment of rRNA Internal Transcribed Spacer 2"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Marcos E.","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Atlanta Research and Education Foundation in conjunction with the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Steurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozgur","family":"Koru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Atlanta Research and Education Foundation in conjunction with the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia"},{"name":"Gulhane Military Medicine Academy, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara L.","family":"Herwaldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman J.","family":"Pieniazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre J.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2339-2343.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90057-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Preventing PCR amplification carryover contamination in a clinical laboratory","volume":"34","author":"Aslanzadeh J","year":"2004","unstructured":"AslanzadehJ. 2004. 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