{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:14:17Z","timestamp":1781140457904,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1091226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1091226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["568971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["568971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            can be cultured in the saliva of individuals with pharyngeal gonorrhea. The aim of this study was to quantify the gonococcal bacterial DNA loads in the pharynges and saliva among men who have sex with men (MSM) with untreated pharyngeal gonorrhea. Untreated MSM who tested positive for pharyngeal gonorrhea by culture and returned for antibiotic treatment within 14 days at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between October 2014 and March 2015 were eligible for this study. The gonococcal bacterial DNA load was measured using real-time quantitative PCR. The median gonococcal bacterial DNA loads in the pharynges and saliva were calculated and compared to culture positivity using the Mann-Whitney U test. A total of 33 men were included in this study. The median gonococcal bacterial DNA load did not differ between the pharynges in men who were culture positive (2.5 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            copies\/swab) and culture negative (2.9 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n            copies\/swab) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.166) and the saliva (culture positive, 2.2 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            copies\/ml; culture negative, 2.7 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            copies\/ml) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.499). The bacterial DNA load in the pharynges (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.695) and saliva (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.969) did not differ between who men returned for treatment within 7 days and those who returned 8 to 14 days later. Substantial gonococcal bacterial DNA loads were detected in both saliva and pharynges among MSM with pharyngeal gonorrhea. These findings suggest that gonorrhea can be transmitted via sexual practices involving exposure to saliva, such as oroanal practices (rimming) and saliva use as a lubricant for anal sex.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01186-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T06:43:21Z","timestamp":1468478601000},"page":"2485-2490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Neisseria gonorrhoeae Bacterial DNA Load in the Pharynges and Saliva of Men Who Have Sex with Men"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Eric P. F.","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepehr N.","family":"Tabrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona S.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.29.20224-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annu Surveillance Report 2015","author":"The Kirby Institute","year":"2015","unstructured":"The Kirby Institute. 2015. HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annu Surveillance Report 2015. The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2010.010458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051760"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.036814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"395","article-title":"Gonorrhoea of the throat at a venereological clinic: incidence and results of treatment","volume":"51","author":"Hallqvist L","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hallqvist L, Lindgren S. 1975. Gonorrhoea of the throat at a venereological clinic: incidence and results of treatment. Br J Vener Dis 51:395\u2013397.","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-5-655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000154495.24519.bf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020600928253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05341-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01647-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/sh15175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6176.1462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.021915"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01186-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01186-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T09:40:48Z","timestamp":1646473248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01186-16"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"E.","family":"Munson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01186-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01186-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}