{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:00:42Z","timestamp":1791000042488,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Although pertussis disease is vaccine preventable, Washington State experienced a substantial rise in pertussis incidence beginning in 2011. By June 2012, the reported cases reached 2,520 (37.5 cases per 100,000 residents), a 1,300% increase compared with the same period in 2011. We assessed the molecular epidemiology of this statewide epidemic using 240 isolates collected from case patients reported from 19 of 39 Washington counties during 2012 to 2013. The typing methods included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pertactin gene (\n            <jats:italic>prn<\/jats:italic>\n            ) mutational analysis. Using the scheme PFGE-MLVA-MLST-\n            <jats:italic>prn<\/jats:italic>\n            mutations-Prn deficiency, the 240 isolates comprised 65 distinct typing profiles. Thirty-one PFGE types were found, with the most common types, CDC013 (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 51), CDC237 (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 44), and CDC002 (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 42), accounting for 57% of them. Eleven MLVA types were observed, mainly comprising type 27 (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 183, 76%). Seven MLST types were identified, with the majority of the isolates typing as\n            <jats:italic>prn2-ptxP3-ptxA1-fim3-1<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 157, 65%). Four different\n            <jats:italic>prn<\/jats:italic>\n            mutations accounted for the 76% of isolates exhibiting pertactin deficiency. PFGE provided the highest discriminatory power (\n            <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.87) and was found to be a more powerful typing method than MLVA and MLST combined (\n            <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.67). This study provides evidence for the continued predominance of MLVA 27 and\n            <jats:italic>prn2-ptxP3-ptxA1<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles, along with the reemergence of the\n            <jats:italic>fim3-1<\/jats:italic>\n            allele. Our results indicate that the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:named-content>\n            population causing this epidemic was diverse, with a few molecular types predominating. The PFGE, MLVA, and MLST profiles were consistent with the predominate types circulating in the United States and other countries. For\n            <jats:italic>prn<\/jats:italic>\n            , several mutations were present in multiple molecular types.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01189-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T04:46:18Z","timestamp":1405572378000},"page":"3549-3557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of the Pertussis Epidemic in Washington State in 2012"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela K.","family":"Cassiday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Pawloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsenia","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey W.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chas","family":"DeBolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Health, Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Shoreline, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Tasslimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Health, Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Shoreline, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nusrat","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratories, Office of Microbiology, Shoreline, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Sorrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratories, Office of Microbiology, Shoreline, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratories, Office of Microbiology, Shoreline, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Hiatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratories, Office of Microbiology, Shoreline, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Tondella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Pertussis\u2014United States, 1997\u20132000","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Pertussis\u2014United States, 1997\u20132000. Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 51:73\u201376.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Pertussis surveillance\u2014United States, 1989\u20131991","volume":"41","author":"Davis SF","year":"1992","unstructured":"DavisSFStrebelPMCochiSLZellERHadlerSC. 1992. Pertussis surveillance\u2014United States, 1989\u20131991. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 41:11\u201319.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pertussis vaccination: use of acellular pertussis vaccines among infants and young children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"416","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1997","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997. Pertussis vaccination: use of acellular pertussis vaccines among infants and young children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 416:1\u201325.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adolescents: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"55","author":"Broder KR","year":"2006","unstructured":"BroderKRCorteseMMIskanderJKKretsingerKSladeBABrownKHMijalskiCMTiwariTWestonEJCohnACSrivastavaPUMoranJSSchwartzBMurphyTVAdvisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). 2006. Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adolescents: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm. Rep. 55(RR-3):1\u201334.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adults: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and recommendation of ACIP, supported by the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), for use of Tdap among health-care personnel","volume":"55","author":"Kretsinger K","year":"2006","unstructured":"KretsingerKBroderKRCorteseMMJoyceMPOrtega-SanchezILeeGMTiwariTCohnACSladeBAIskanderJKMijalskiCMBrownKHMurphyTVCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2006. Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adults: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and recommendation of ACIP, supported by the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), for use of Tdap among health-care personnel. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 55(RR-17):1\u201337.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women\u2014Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012","volume":"62","author":"Sawyer M","year":"2013","unstructured":"SawyerMLiangJLMessonnierNClarkTA. 2013. Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women\u2014Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 62:131\u2013135.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.3.708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"517","article-title":"Pertussis epidemic\u2014Washington, 2012","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. Pertussis epidemic\u2014Washington, 2012. Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 61:517\u2013522.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1808.120082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.16.5496-5505.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01838-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1602.081707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2009.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00717-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0801.010021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.2.670-675.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1209369"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.11.2465-2466.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813000071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.341.6145.454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.110812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.02.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","volume-title":"Temporal changes in the predominance of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of Bordetella pertussis isolates from United States, 2000\u20132012","author":"Cassiday P","year":"2013","unstructured":"CassidayPSkoffTFaulknerAConnollyLJawahirSTondellaM. 2013. Temporal changes in the predominance of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of Bordetella pertussis isolates from United States, 2000\u20132012, abstr P12. Abstracts of the 10th International Symposium on Bordetella, Dublin, Ireland, 8 to 11 September 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2013.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00367-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03925.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/1903.121475"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2004.131478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-145-8-2069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","volume-title":"Pertactin-negative B. pertussis strains: evidence for a selective advantage?","author":"Martin S","year":"2013","unstructured":"MartinSPawloskiLWilliamsMWeeningKDeBoltCQinXReynoldsLKenyonCGiambroneGKudishKMillerLSelvageDLeeASkoffTKamiyaHCassidayPClarkTTondellaM. 2013. Pertactin-negative B. pertussis strains: evidence for a selective advantage?, abstr P69. Abstracts of the 10th International Symposium on Bordetella, Dublin, Ireland, 8 to 11 September 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00769-08"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01189-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01189-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T11:43:02Z","timestamp":1646480582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01189-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Loeffelholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01189-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01189-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-07-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}