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However, the basic biology of psychodid larvae is not well-suited for survival in the human intestinal or urogenital tract, making true, prolonged myiasis unlikely. In this review, we performed a systematic literature review of published cases of purported myiasis caused by psychodid flies, their identification, associated clinical findings, and treatment. We also discuss the anatomy and lifecycle of psychodid flies in relation to their purported ability to use human tissue as a nutritive source and survive in the human alimentary or urogenital tracts. Based on the range of non-specific and varied reported clinical manifestations, lack of observed collections, life cycle patterns of psychodid flies, the mechanics of their mouthparts, and breathing requirements, we conclude that most cases likely represent incidental findings, or in rare cases possibly pseudomyiasis, rather than true myiasis, and provide recommendations for clinical evaluation and reporting so that disease misclassification and unnecessary therapy do not occur.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01200-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T09:00:17Z","timestamp":1708074017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Psychodid flies and their implicated role in human myiasis and pseudomyiasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blaine A.","family":"Mathison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isai","family":"Madriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0261-1326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bobbi S.","family":"Pritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6052-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Curler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Logima Eat. 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