{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:02:19Z","timestamp":1789682539443,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"HHS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant\n              <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              (CRPA) are significant public health threats, particularly when harboring carbapenemases. Literature describing the frequencies and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of isolates harboring multiple carbapenemase genes is limited. Using data collected from the Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Network (AR Lab Network) in 2018\u20132022, we describe CRE and CRPA isolates that harbor multiple acquired carbapenemase genes. Clinical laboratories submitted CRE and CRPA isolates to AR Lab Network public health laboratories for additional characterization that included antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of five targeted carbapenemase genes. Isolates were classified as non-carbapenemase producing (non-CP) when negative for carbapenemase production and all targeted carbapenemase genes, or positive for a single-CP (SCP) or multiple-carbapenemase (MCP) targeted gene. Among 79,799 CREs tested, 27,599 (35%) were SCP and 611 (1%) were MCP. MCP-CRE most often carried\n              <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>\n              \/\n              <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 285, 47%). Both SCP-CRE and MCP-CRE were most commonly\n              <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n              spp.\n              <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. and\n              <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates harboring MCP were detected at slightly higher frequencies (18% and 15%;\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 109 and\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 88, respectively) than\n              <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. and\n              <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates harboring SCP (13% and 13%;\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 3,653 and 3,471, respectively). The number of MCP-CRE detected increased from 54 of 5,105 (1%) in 2018 to 223 of 6,994 (3%) in 2022. Among 54,490 CRPA tested, 2% (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 1,249) were SCP and 31 were MCP. MCP-CRPA most often carried\n              <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub>\n              \/\n              <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 13, 42%). A higher proportion of MCP-CRE (97%,\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 330) isolates were categorized as resistant to meropenem, compared to SCP-CRE (79%;\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 11,227) and non-CP (13%;\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 2,683). Although MCP organisms represent a small proportion of total CP detected in the AR Lab Network, there is a need for continued monitoring and additional research.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>Carbapenemase-producing organisms are of significant clinical and public health concerns, and rapid detection and containment of such threats are vital to preventing their spread. In this article, we used a collection of over 130,000 contemporary isolates to evaluate frequencies and phenotypic and genotypic properties of CRE and CRPA isolates harboring multiple carbapenemase genes across the United States, from 2018 to 2022. Of note, 95% and 100% of CRE and CRPA isolates co-harbored at least one metallo-\u03b2-lactamase gene, respectively, indicating a high proportion of isolates originating from patients with difficult-to-treat infections. Both clinical and public health professionals across the nation can use these data and key findings to better understand the molecular landscape of these isolates. Timely detection and control of these organisms are essential to combating the spread of antibiotic resistance and ensuring the availability of effective treatment options for patients.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01220-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T14:01:27Z","timestamp":1732111287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and\n            <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n            carrying multiple carbapenemase genes\u2014Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Network, 2018\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-3704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"Sabour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9306-4980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristin R. V.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Martinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Atlanta, USA"]},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","place":["Oak Ridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3859-0328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amelia S.","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2635-9372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer Y.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Bantle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and 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