{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T06:30:39Z","timestamp":1778999439834,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A total of 105 multiple-antibiotic-resistant invasive pneumococcal isolates recovered in Italy from 2001 to 2003 were genetically characterized. Of these, 40 were penicillin-nonsusceptible (PNSSP) and 65 were penicillin-susceptible (PSSP)\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains. Among the PNSSP isolates, 8 and 11 different restriction profiles were obtained for the\n            <jats:italic>pbp2b<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>pbp2x<\/jats:italic>\n            genes, respectively. Clonal groups were established on the basis of analysis of both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Several international clones, such as Spain\n            <jats:sup>23F<\/jats:sup>\n            -1\/ST81, Spain\n            <jats:sup>6B<\/jats:sup>\n            -2\/ST90, Spain\n            <jats:sup>9V<\/jats:sup>\n            -3\/ST156, and Sweden\n            <jats:sup>15A<\/jats:sup>\n            -25\/ST263, were identified among the PNSSP isolates. Other, smaller clones, such as the minor Spanish 19F clone\/ST88 and Denmark\n            <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n            -32\/ST230, were also found. Among the PSSP isolates, clones related to England\n            <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n            -9\/ST9, Greece\n            <jats:sup>6B<\/jats:sup>\n            -22\/ST273, and Portugal\n            <jats:sup>19F<\/jats:sup>\n            -21\/ST177 were found. In addition, two large clones comprised nonvaccine serotypes. One, comprising serotype 3 isolates, corresponded to the clone Netherlands\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            -31\/ST180; the other, comprising serotype 15B\/C isolates, ST474, was not related to any previously described clone. Two small clusters related to the newly described clones Greece\n            <jats:sup>21<\/jats:sup>\n            -30\/ST193 and Netherlands\n            <jats:sup>15B<\/jats:sup>\n            -37\/ST199 included isolates with unrelated PFGE profiles. An unusual finding was the inability to obtain the MLST allelic profile for an isolate of serotype 19A, belonging to the Sweden\n            <jats:sup>15A<\/jats:sup>\n            -25\/ST263 clone, due to a large deletion of the\n            <jats:italic>xpt<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Capsular switching was observed among both PNSSP and PSSP isolates and involved also serotypes not included in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), such as serotypes 15B\/C and 19A. Since antibiotic-resistant nonvaccine serotype clones are present in Italy, continuous monitoring of pneumococcal epidemiology should be carried out in the PCV7 era.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01229-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,23]],"date-time":"2006-11-23T01:54:00Z","timestamp":1164246840000},"page":"306-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Antibiotic-Resistant Invasive Pneumococcal Clones in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gherardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Universita\u0300 Campus Biomedico, Rome"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Fallico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua and Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital, Padua"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Del Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u0300, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Bonanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Universita\u0300 Campus Biomedico, Rome"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"D'Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u0300, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Manganelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua and Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital, Padua"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Palu\u0300","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua and Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital, Padua"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giordano","family":"Dicuonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Universita\u0300 Campus Biomedico, Rome"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Pantosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u0300, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1003.030252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"115","volume":"60","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boccia, D., S. Spila Alegiani, A. Pantosti, M. L. Moro, and G. Traversa. 2004. The geographic relationship between the use of antimicrobial drugs and the pattern of resistance for Streptococcus pneumoniae in Italy. Eur. J. Pharmacol.60:115-119.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28417-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2006. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 16th informational supplement. M100-S16. 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Boccia, F. D'Ambrosio, S. Recchia, G. Orefici, M. Moro, the National Surveillance of Bacterial Meningitis, and the EARSS-Italia groups. 2003. Inferring the potential success of pneumococcal vaccination in Italy: serotypes and antibiotic resistance of isolates from invasive diseases. Microb. Drug Resist.9:S61-S68.","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network. 15 October 2006 posting date. [Online.] http:\/\/www.sph.emory.edu\/PMEN\/pmen_clone_collection.html\n. 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