{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:40:48Z","timestamp":1792816848127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised population. Early diagnosis is challenging due to the low sensitivity and non-specificity of non-invasive fungal biomarkers, the need for invasive specimen collection, and the limitations of culture and histopathology. Detection of circulating fungal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma and serum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) represents a novel testing modality for rapid and accurate diagnosis of IFD. In this review, we summarize the performance characteristics of fungal cfDNA PCR for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia. We discuss a testing algorithm that incorporates fungal cfDNA and the added diagnostic value of invasive specimen collection when non-invasive mold cfDNA PCR is performed first. Lastly, we discuss the role of diagnostic stewardship in fungal cfDNA PCR testing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01236-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T13:33:48Z","timestamp":1761831228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Non-invasive diagnosis of invasive fungal disease with cell-free DNA PCR"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jordan Kit","family":"Mah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019wqcg20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care","place":["Stanford, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0161xgx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Universite\u0301 de Montre\u0301al","place":["Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0161xgx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Research Center of Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Universite\u0301 de Montre\u0301al","place":["Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Lieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03rmrcq20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia","place":["Vancouver, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03rmrcq20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia","place":["Vancouver, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-3000","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Niaz","family":"Banaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019wqcg20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care","place":["Stanford, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00237-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/590004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Interventional Pulmonology","author":"Stanzel F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stanzel F. 2012. 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