{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:42:27Z","timestamp":1790048547636,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is highly endemic in areas of central Africa; mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission are considered to be the predominant routes. To determine the prevalence and subtypes of HTLV-1\/2 in pregnant women in Gabon, we conducted an epidemiological survey in the five main cities of the country. In 907 samples, the HTLV-1 seroprevalence was 2.1%, which is lower than that previously reported. Only one case of HTLV-2 infection was found. The HTLV-1 seroprevalence increased with age and differed between regions (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05), with the highest prevalence (5%) in the southeastern region. A wide range of HTLV-1 proviral loads was observed among the infected women. The level of the proviral load was correlated with a high HTLV-1 antibody titer (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.02). Sequencing of HTLV-1\n                    <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n                    and long terminal repeat fragments showed that all but one strain belonged to the central African subtype B; the outlier was of cosmopolitan subtype A. The new strains of subtype B exhibited wide genetic diversity, but there was no evidence of clustering of specific genomes within geographical regions of the country. Some strains were closely related to simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 strains of great apes, suggesting that in these areas some HTLV-1 strains could arise from relatively recent interspecies transmission. The sole HTLV-2 strain belonged to subtype B. In this study we showed that the prevalence of HTLV-1 in the southeast is one of the highest in the world for pregnant women.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01249-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,9]],"date-time":"2008-10-09T22:08:42Z","timestamp":1223590122000},"page":"3607-3614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["New Insights into Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Proviral Load of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Gabon in Equatorial Central Africa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Sonia Lekana-Douki","family":"Etenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Re\u0301trovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Me\u0301dicales, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Me\u0301lanie","family":"Caron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Re\u0301trovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Me\u0301dicales, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Besson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Re\u0301trovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Me\u0301dicales, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Makuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Re\u0301trovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Me\u0301dicales, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Gessain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 d'Epide\u0301miologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncoge\u0300nes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Mahe\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre le Sida, Libreville, Gabon"},{"name":"Service de Coope\u0301ration et d'Action Culturelle, French Embassy, BP 2105, Libreville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirdad","family":"Kazanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Re\u0301trovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Me\u0301dicales, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon"},{"name":"Service de Coope\u0301ration et d'Action Culturelle, French Embassy, BP 2105, Libreville, Gabon"},{"name":"Re\u0301seau International des Instituts Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"12","volume":"86","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berteau, F., J. 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