{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:56:35Z","timestamp":1792130195465,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infection with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. can be difficult to treat due to the common presence of multiple \u03b2-lactamase genes. Although the presence of \u03b2-lactamase genes appears to be mostly species-specific, species-level identification of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. is currently unreliable. Routine phenotypic susceptibility testing is unreliable for the detection of chromosomal\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cphA<\/jats:italic>\n                      metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-mediated carbapenem resistance, which can lead to adverse outcomes. A reliable, easy-to-use phenotypic method for the detection of carbapenem resistance in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. would allow laboratories to better guide treatment of these organisms. This study used whole-genome sequencing for the detection of \u03b2-lactamase genes in 43\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. isolates as a reference to evaluate different phenotypic methods for the detection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cphA<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Standard Kirby Bauer disk diffusion (KB) and broth microdilution (BMD) were least sensitive, detecting carbapenem resistance in 3 to 5 of 24\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cphA<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive isolates, depending on the drug and method. Increased-inoculum KB detected resistance in 3 to 14 of 24 isolates, whereas increased-inoculum BMD detected resistance in 11 to 18 of 24 isolates depending on the carbapenem. The modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) was positive for all 24 isolates, whereas EDTA-modified mCIM was positive for 19\/24 isolates. None of the 19\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cphA<\/jats:italic>\n                      -negative isolates tested positive by mCIM or resistant by any phenotypic method. The mCIM is an easy-to-implement method that detected\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cphA<\/jats:italic>\n                      -mediated carbapenem resistance with 100% sensitivity and specificity and could help guide effective treatment of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Serious infections with\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                        species are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Some species can have a carbapenemase that is not detectable by typical phenotypic methods. It is important for clinical laboratories to be aware and have a method for identifying and reporting this phenotype. Clinicians should also be aware of this resistance phenotype when choosing an antibiotic for therapy. Here, we show the difficulty in using broth microdilution or disk diffusion to identify carbapenem resistance mediated by a specific carbapenemase,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cphA<\/jats:italic>\n                        , in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                        spp. Through genotypic analysis, we also found\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cphA<\/jats:italic>\n                        to be associated with certain species of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Unfortunately, identification to the species level using typical methods like MALDI-TOF is also difficult. This study presents data for a previously well-established method, modified carbapenem inactivation method, that can be utilized to reliably detect this resistance phenotype in commonly encountered\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                        species.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01272-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:28:21Z","timestamp":1777573701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discrepancy between reference phenotypic and genotypic detection of\n                    <i>cphA<\/i>\n                    metallo-\u03b2-lactamase in\n                    <i>Aeromonas<\/i>\n                    spp."],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8924-2193","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"von Bredow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ets8c94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine","place":["Auburn Hills, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisol","family":"Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Trieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ventura County Public Health Laboratory","place":["Oxnard, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Santellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05t99sp05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7366-2692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Omai B.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles","place":["Los Angeles, 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