{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:54:30Z","timestamp":1791251670141,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n During the 12-year period from 1993 to 2004, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 74,394 gram-negative bacillus isolates recovered from intensive care unit (ICU) patients in United States hospitals were determined by participating hospitals and collected in a central location. MICs for 12 different agents were determined using a standardized broth microdilution method. The 11 organisms most frequently isolated were\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (22.2%),\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (18.8%),\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n (14.2%),\n Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n (9.1%),\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (6.2%),\n Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n (5.5%),\n Enterobacter aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n (4.4%),\n Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n (4.3%),\n Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n (4.0%),\n Klebsiella oxytoca<\/jats:italic>\n (2.7%), and\n Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic>\n (2.0%). Specimen sources included the lower respiratory tract (52.1%), urine (17.3%), and blood (14.2%). Rates of resistance to many of the antibiotics tested remained stable during the 12-year study period. Carbapenems were the most active drugs tested against most of the bacterial species.\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n remained susceptible to most of the drugs tested. Mean rates of resistance to 9 of the 12 drugs tested increased with\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp. Rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin increased over the study period for most species. Ceftazidime was the only agent to which a number of species (\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n C. freundii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n S. marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n ) became more susceptible. The prevalence of multidrug resistance, defined as resistance to at least one extended-spectrum cephalosporin, one aminoglycoside, and ciprofloxacin, increased substantially among ICU isolates of\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n E. cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01284-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,22]],"date-time":"2007-08-22T20:54:56Z","timestamp":1187816096000},"page":"3352-3359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":268,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacilli Causing Infections in Intensive Care Unit Patients in the United States between 1993 and 2004"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Shawn R.","family":"Lockhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray A.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck and Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories, Upper Gwynedd, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Beekmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gale","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck and Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories, Upper Gwynedd, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Diekema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook County Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary V.","family":"Doern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400150078014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499406"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502306"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598640"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.22.1.81.33508"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0807.010427"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502252"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320186"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432803"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.2.223"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.4.779"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90367-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1672-1680.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1278-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.2.462"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322667"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0805.010204"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.7.885"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2003.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109629602761624225"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504476"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1762"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430314"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000060015.77443.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.498-504.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2000.6.297"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314040"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01284-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01284-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:28:20Z","timestamp":1646440100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01284-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01284-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01284-07","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1091268.545689","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-08-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}