{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:36:49Z","timestamp":1789663009166,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dept. Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology"},{"name":"National Wildlife Health Center, USGS"},{"name":"South Dakota Agriculture Experiment Station Federal Aid to Wildlife REstoration"},{"name":"McIntire-Stennis Program, US Forest Service"},{"name":"Wild Sheep Foundation"},{"name":"Idaho Chapter, Wild Sheep Foundation"},{"name":"Oregon Chapter, Wild Sheep Foundation"},{"name":"Washington Chapter, Wild Sheep Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010374","name":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Boehringer-Ingelheim Veternary Scholars"},{"name":"AVMA\/AVMF second opportunity summer research fellowshop"},{"name":"Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              We hypothesized that bighorn sheep ewes with chronic nasal\n              <jats:italic>Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              carriage are the source of infection that results in fatal lamb pneumonia. We tested this hypothesis in captive bighorn ewes at two study facilities over a 5-year period, by identifying carrier ewes and then comparing lamb fates in groups that did (exposed pens) or did not (non-exposed pens) include one or more carrier ewes. Most (23 of 30) lambs born in exposed pens, but none of 11 lambs born in non-exposed pens, contracted fatal pneumonia. In addition, surviving lambs in exposed pens showed obvious signs of respiratory disease while lambs in non-exposed pens did not. In crossover experiments, individual non-carrier ewes had lambs that experienced fatal pneumonia in years when housed in exposed pens, but not in years when housed in non-exposed pens. The results of these studies clearly associate lamb pneumonia to exposure to\n              <jats:italic>M. ovipneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              carrier ewes, consistent with a necessary role for this agent in epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep. These data specifically highlight the role of chronic\n              <jats:italic>M. ovipneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              carriage by some bighorn ewes in the epidemiology of this population-limiting wildlife disease.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                Bighorn sheep populations, historically important in mountain and canyon ecosystems of western North America, declined precipitously following European settlement of North America and remain depressed today. One factor contributing to these declines and lack of recovery is epizootic pneumonia caused by the bacterium\n                <jats:italic>Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                . This pathogen arrived with settlers\u2019 domestic sheep and goats and spilled over to infect bighorn sheep, a process that continues to this day. Bighorn losses from this disease include high rates of mortality (median, approaching 50%) of all ages of bighorn sheep on initial exposure, followed in subsequent years to decades by mortality largely limited to young lambs. The source of infection causing persistent lamb losses is the focus of the research described here. Conducting these studies on groups of captive bighorn sheep enabled demonstration of clear linkage between largely asymptomatic nasal carriage of\n                <jats:italic>M. ovipneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                by ewes and outbreaks of fatal pneumonia in lambs.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01328-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T14:00:31Z","timestamp":1737468031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fatal interactions: pneumonia in bighorn lambs following experimental exposure to carriers of\n            <i>Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Logan K.","family":"Weyand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandi L.","family":"Felts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University","place":["Brookings, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Frances","family":"Cassirer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]},{"name":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","place":["Lewiston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Jenks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University","place":["Brookings, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7772-2445","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0449-1989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Besser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"The bighorn sheep in the United States, its past, present, and future","volume":"4","author":"Buechner HK","year":"1960","unstructured":"Buechner HK. 1960. The bighorn sheep in the United States, its past, present, and future. Wildlife Monogr 4:3\u2013174.","journal-title":"Wildlife Monogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Restoration of bighorn sheep: history, successes, and remaining conservation issues","volume":"11","author":"Whiting JC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Whiting JC, Bleich VC, Bowyer RT, Epps CW. 2023. Restoration of bighorn sheep: history, successes, and remaining conservation issues. Ecol Evol 11:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.21309"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Wildlife disease and health in conservation","author":"Besser TE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Besser TE, Cassirer EF. 2023. Epizootic bighorn sheep pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, p 145\u2013163. In Jessup DA, Radcliffe RW (ed), Wildlife disease and health in conservation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.1520"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8166"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1803.111554"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.21172"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061919"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851990125.0000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6146"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10710"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51444-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095698"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","unstructured":"Raghavan B. 2016. Bighorn sheep pneumonia: transmission dynamics of pathogens PhD Washington State University Pullman WA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12829"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2022.1039234"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","volume-title":"Note on an exact treatment of contingency, goodness of fit and other problems of significance","author":"Freeman GH","year":"1951","unstructured":"Freeman GH, Halton JH. 1951. Note on an exact treatment of contingency, goodness of fit and other problems of significance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12664"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyw078"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00426-25","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jcm.01328-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jcm.01328-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T05:09:20Z","timestamp":1743743360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.01328-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"McAdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jcm.01328-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01328-24","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1128\/jcm.00426-25","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01328-24"}}