{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:33:40Z","timestamp":1787016820479,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A collection of 40 confirmed isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., obtained from the culture of 5,732 clinical samples during 2006 to 2008, was studied for the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ampC<\/jats:sub>\n                    by monoplex and multiplex PCRs. These isolates were also looked at for the presence of insertion elements IS\n                    <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>orf513<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which play an important role in the resistance gene pool.\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ampC<\/jats:sub>\n                    were noticed in 67.5%, 40%, 25%, and 40% of isolates, respectively. Sequencing for the specific CTX-M type revealed the presence of CTX-M-15-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL).\n                    <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -type integrons were detected in 32.5% (13\/40) of isolates, and a single plasmid of ca. \u223c22 kb was also noticed in all the isolates harboring\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. A total of 48.2% (13\/27) of isolates harboring\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    alleles were found to carry IS\n                    <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n                    elements and 53.4% (7\/13) of isolates harboring the\n                    <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -type integrons were found to carry\n                    <jats:italic>orf513<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Alarmingly, a few isolates simultaneously carried IS\n                    <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>orf513<\/jats:italic>\n                    , reflecting the occurrence of complex evolution. All the\n                    <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were noticed to produce an amplicon of 400 bp in an IS\n                    <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n                    PCR, similar to that of the predominant UK CTX-M-15-producing\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    clone (clone A) and suggesting a probable genetic relatedness between the two, which could not be proved with British and Indian\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in our earlier studies. Here, a first report is being presented describing the occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    in Indian\n                    <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. This is also the first report describing the simultaneous occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ampC<\/jats:sub>\n                    along with\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    in class 1 integrons. The recent findings indicate that the genetic environment of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    has changed through the insertion of IS\n                    <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>orf513<\/jats:italic>\n                    , although the consequences of these events remain uncertain. It perhaps also suggests a \u201cturnover\u201d of these mobile elements in the population over time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01467-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,10]],"date-time":"2010-03-10T23:16:56Z","timestamp":1268263016000},"page":"1833-1838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["<i>Citrobacter<\/i>\n                    spp. Simultaneously Harboring\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>CTX-M<\/sub>\n                    ,\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>TEM<\/sub>\n                    ,\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>SHV<\/sub>\n                    ,\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>ampC<\/sub>\n                    , and Insertion Sequences IS\n                    <i>26<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>orf513<\/i>\n                    : an Evolutionary Phenomenon of Recent Concern for Antibiotic Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Antimicrobial Agents and Drug Resistance Research and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine in Al-Hassa, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, P.O. Box 400, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4435-4437.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2303-2306.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"131","year":"1996","unstructured":"Collee, J. G., R. S. Miles, and B. Watt. 1996. Test for the identification of bacteria, p. 131-145. In J. G. Collee, A. G. Fraser, B. P. Marmion, and A. Simmons (ed.), Mackie and McCartney practical microbiology, 14th ed. Churchill Livingstone, London, United Kingdom.","journal-title":"Mackie and McCartney practical microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"99","year":"1986","unstructured":"Davis, L. G., M. D. Dibner, and J. F. Battey. 1986. Large-scale alkaline lysis method of plasmid purification, section 8-3, p. 99. In Basic methods in molecular biology. 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