{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:03:37Z","timestamp":1791655417920,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n            pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is more sensitive than microscopic examination for the detection of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n            but also detects colonized patients. Hence, its positive predictive value (PPV) needs evaluation. In this 4-year prospective observational study, all immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory symptoms who were investigated for PCP were included, totaling 659 patients (814 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples). Patients with negative microscopy but positive qPCR were classified through medical chart review as having retained PCP, possible PCP, or colonization, and their clinical outcomes were compared to those of patients with microscopically proven PCP. Overall, 119 patients were included for analysis, of whom 35, 41, and 43 were classified as having retained PCP, possible PCP, and colonization, respectively. The 35 patients with retained PCP had clinical findings similar to those with microscopically proven PCP but lower fungal loads (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) and were mainly non-HIV-infected patients (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). Although the mean amplification threshold was higher in colonized patients, it was not possible to determine a discriminant qPCR cutoff. The PPV of qPCR in patients with negative microscopy were 29.4% and 63.8% when considering retained PCP and retained plus possible PCP, respectively. Patients with possible PCP had a higher mortality rate than patients with retained PCP or colonization (63% versus 3% and 16%, respectively); patients who died had not received co-trimoxazole. In conclusion, qPCR is a useful tool to diagnose PCP in non-HIV patients, and treatment might be better targeted through a multicomponent algorithm including both clinical\/radiological parameters and qPCR results.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01480-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]],"date-time":"2014-07-10T02:31:40Z","timestamp":1404959500000},"page":"3370-3376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients by Real-Time PCR: a 4-Year Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Florence","family":"Robert-Gangneux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France"},{"name":"INSERM U1085-IRSET, Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorya","family":"Belaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France"},{"name":"INSERM U1085-IRSET, Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Revest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Tattevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Jouneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1085-IRSET, Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, Rennes, France"},{"name":"Service of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Decaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylviane","family":"Chevrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1085-IRSET, Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Le Tulzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Gangneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France"},{"name":"INSERM U1085-IRSET, Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032588"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339548"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/PL00021707"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0453-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12054"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03400.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1139-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/82.9.1052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.5.1204"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92008-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073099"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2005.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/653933"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1791-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00670.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1309"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02390-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-011-8218-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-6958-7-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06036-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081270"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq314"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2010.02415.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes244"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.111432"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir996"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062155"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00095811"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2008.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.2.490-494.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.566894"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03605.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1960-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1730-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01554-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00249-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505870"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2011.178"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.04.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01480-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01480-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T12:01:02Z","timestamp":1646481662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01480-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"D. W.","family":"Warnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01480-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01480-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-07-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}