{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:52:12Z","timestamp":1762865532658},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Molecular epidemiology studies have allowed the identification of the methicillin (meticillin)-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) clonal complexes (CCs) and clones of\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            circulating in a Spanish hospital recently. Of 81 isolates tested, 32.1% were MRSA. Most of them carried staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            (SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            ) IVc (88.5%) and belonged to CC5 (88.5%; multilocus sequence typing types ST125 [mainly associated with\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            type t067], ST5, and ST228). A higher diversity was found among MSSA isolates (67.9%). Eighty percent shared the genetic background of major MRSA lineages (CC5 [38.2%; ST125 and ST5], CC30 [25.5%; ST30], CC45 [14.5%; ST45 and ST47], and CC8 [1.8%; ST8]), but CC12, CC15, CC51, and CC59 were also detected. Many exotoxin genes were present in each of the 81 isolates, independent of whether they were involved in sepsis (11 to 22) or other types of infections (13 to 21), and they appeared in 73 combinations. The relevant data are that (i) all isolates were positive for hemolysin and leukotoxin genes (98.8% for\n            <jats:italic>lukED<\/jats:italic>\n            and 25.9% for\n            <jats:italic>lukPV<\/jats:italic>\n            ); (ii) all contained an enterotoxin gene cluster (\n            <jats:italic>egc<\/jats:italic>\n            with or without\n            <jats:italic>seu<\/jats:italic>\n            ), frequently with one or more genes encoding classical enterotoxins; (iii) about half were positive for\n            <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n            and 95% were positive for exfoliatin-encoding genes (\n            <jats:italic>eta<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>etb<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\/or\n            <jats:italic>etd<\/jats:italic>\n            ); and (iv) the four\n            <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic>\n            groups were detected, with\n            <jats:italic>agrII<\/jats:italic>\n            (55.6%) and\n            <jats:italic>agrIII<\/jats:italic>\n            (23.5%) being the most frequent. Taken together, results of the present study suggest a frequent acquisition and\/or loss of exotoxin genes, which may be mediated by efficient intralineage transfer of mobile genetic elements and exotoxin genes therein and by eventual breakage of interlineage barriers.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01486-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T01:33:53Z","timestamp":1242869633000},"page":"2097-2105","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Clonal Complexes and Diversity of Exotoxin Gene Profiles in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n            Isolates from Patients in a Spanish Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"M. A.","family":"Argudi\u0301n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A\u0301rea de Microbiologi\u0301a, Departamento de Biologi\u0301a Funcional, and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologi\u0301a de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A\u0301rea de Microbiologi\u0301a, Departamento de Biologi\u0301a Funcional, and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologi\u0301a de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Me\u0301ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A\u0301rea de Microbiologi\u0301a, Departamento de Biologi\u0301a Funcional, and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologi\u0301a de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Marti\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Productos La\u0301cteos de Asturias, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Rodicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A\u0301rea de Microbiologi\u0301a, Departamento de Biologi\u0301a Funcional, and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologi\u0301a de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5150-5157.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1434-1439.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02402-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01672.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01050-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01684-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00086.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-005-0043-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01467.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"226","volume":"225","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fraser, J. D., and T. Proft. 2008. The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins. Inmunol. Rev.225:226-243.","journal-title":"Inmunol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1278-1284.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00521-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4544-4546.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01866-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3364-3372.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00204-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.6.1449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1323-1336.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2637-2651.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.22.6517-6522.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.1.669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.68.981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1549-1555.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2003.01957.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.2.669-676.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2003.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.4.1147-1152.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.1141-1144.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2760-2767.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1574-1585.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00808-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152773365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4649-4656.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.12.3926-3934.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1913-1920.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3556-3563.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.2070-2083.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01599-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1996.tb00193.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01001-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.108-118.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.266-270.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1686-1691.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.6.3907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00418-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5026-5033.2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01486-08","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01486-08","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T07:06:35Z","timestamp":1646463995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01486-08"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01486-08"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01486-08","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-05-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}