{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:38:35Z","timestamp":1773283115156,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In 2006, 3,531 fecal samples were collected from patients with diarrhea in Henan Province, China. A total of 467 (13.2%)\n            <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n            strains were isolated and serotyped. Seventy-one\n            <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            strains were characterized by MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and detection of genes encoding cephalosporin resistance. Most infections were caused by\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            variant X [IV:(7),8] (27.6%),\n            <jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n            (24.2%), and\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            2a (20.8%). However, large regional differences were observed. Significantly higher odds (2.0) of females compared to males were infected with\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            2a. Untypeable\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            (\u2212:6) isolates were absent among males, as were untypeable\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            [I:(7),8] isolates among females. Patient ages ranged from 2 months to 82 years, with 231 subjects (49.7%) &lt;5 years of age. Most of the patients were male (62.1% [\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 290]). Infections peaked in July; week 27 with 38 cases (8.1%). All of the 71\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            conferred resistance to nalidixic acid; in addition, 21% (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 15) and 79% (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 56) were high- and low-level resistant to ciprofloxacin, respectively. Six\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates {serotype 2b [II:7,(8)] and 2b [II:(3),4;7,(8)]} harbored the\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n            gene. A total of 52 unique XbaI PFGE patterns were observed among the 71\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates with 11 distinct PFGE clusters. This study revealed a high prevalence of shigellosis with geographical differences in the distribution of serotypes in the distribution of serotypes and also differences in comparisons by gender. A high frequency of resistance, including 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, was observed. We detected several isolates exhibiting the same PFGE type and MIC profile, indicating multiple undetected outbreaks.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01508-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,11]],"date-time":"2010-11-11T03:52:43Z","timestamp":1289447563000},"page":"232-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Prevalence and Characterization of Human\n            <i>Shigella<\/i>\n            Infections in Henan Province, China, in 2006"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Shengli","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch for Enteric Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch for Enteric Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch for Enteric Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch for Enteric Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch for Enteric Disease Control and Prevention, Office for Disease Control and Emergency Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch for Enteric Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haomin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch for Enteric Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaiwat","family":"Pulsrikarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO National Salmonella and Shigella Center, National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srirat","family":"Pornruangwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO National Salmonella and Shigella Center, National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank M.","family":"Aarestrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rene S.","family":"Hendriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andres P. A. Petroni D. Faccone F. Pasteran R. Melano M. Rapoport M. Martinez C. Culasso B. A. Di B. Irigoyen J. Mulki A. Procopio S. M. von and M. Galas. 2005. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Shigella flexneri from Argentina: first report of TOHO-1 outside Japan. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 25 : 501-507.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bangtrakulnonth A. A. R. Vieira D. M. 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