{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:05:37Z","timestamp":1789563937087,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","award":["UL1 TR002377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002377"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Rhodococcus equi<\/jats:italic>\n              is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease among immunocompromised patients. Treatment is frequently challenging due to intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. While non-\n              <jats:italic>equi Rhodococcus<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. are prevalent, their clinical significance is poorly defined. There is also limited data on antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of\n              <jats:italic>Rhodococcus<\/jats:italic>\n              infection in humans. We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluating clinical characteristics, microbiologic profile, and AST of\n              <jats:italic>Rhodococcus<\/jats:italic>\n              infections between June 2012 and 2022 at our tertiary academic medical center. Identification of\n              <jats:italic>Rhodococcus<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. was performed by Sanger 16S rRNA gene sequencing and\/or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, and AST was performed by agar dilution. Three hundred twenty-two isolates of\n              <jats:italic>Rhodococcus<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. were identified from blood (50%), pulmonary (26%), and bone\/joint (12%) sources.\n              <jats:italic>R. equi\/hoagii, R. corynebacterioides<\/jats:italic>\n              , and\n              <jats:italic>R. erythropolis<\/jats:italic>\n              were the most frequently isolated species, with 19% of isolates identified only to genus level. One hundred ninety-nine isolates evaluated for AST demonstrated high-level resistance to amoxicillin\/clavulanate, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. More than 95% susceptibility to imipenem, vancomycin, linezolid, rifampin, and clarithromycin was observed. Non-\n              <jats:italic>equi<\/jats:italic>\n              species showed a significantly more favorable AST profile relative to\n              <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n              . Clinically significant\n              <jats:italic>Rhodococcus<\/jats:italic>\n              infection was rare with 10 cases diagnosed (majority due to\n              <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n              ) and managed. The majority of patients received 2- or 3-drug combination therapy for 2\u20136 months, with favorable clinical response. Significant differences in AST were observed between\n              <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n              and non-\n              <jats:italic>equi<\/jats:italic>\n              species. Despite high antimicrobial resistance to several antibiotic classes, imipenem and vancomycin remain appropriate empiric treatment options for\n              <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n              . Future research evaluating mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance is warranted.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01537-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T14:01:02Z","timestamp":1707832862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["<i>Rhodococcus<\/i>\n            infection: a 10-year retrospective analysis of clinical experience and antimicrobial susceptibility profile"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9538-6214","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nischal","family":"Ranganath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Alejandra","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalton","family":"Kind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-8219","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nancy","family":"Wengenack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-100-1-99"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(87)90109-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-013-9924-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00795-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.6.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199802150-00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2303.160633"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70068-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"JD B","year":"2020","unstructured":"JD B, Raphael BM. 2020. 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