{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:58:19Z","timestamp":1785430699741,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Independent Research Fund Denmark","award":["3127-00035B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3127-00035B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The global burden of human disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is steadily increasing. Using our unique historical collection of freeze-dried mycobacterial isolates at the Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, we investigated long-term trends in NTM clinical relevance and species distribution in Denmark over the past seven decades. A total of 666 historical NTM isolates from human samples collected between 1948 and 1978 were compared with 1,820 contemporary isolates identified during routine diagnostics from 2013 to 2022. Species identification was performed for all isolates using the GenoType CM and AS line-probe assays. Among historical isolates, 16 different species were identified, with the majority classified as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (32.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 214). In contrast, recent isolates were dominated by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (39.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 721), while\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. accounted for only 7.8% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 142). Furthermore, notable changes in prevalence over time at the single species level were observed for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Further genomic analyses of historical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. isolates revealed several uncommon or previously unrecognized species rarely detected in current diagnostic settings. In conclusion, our findings suggest a significant shift in the spectrum of species responsible for human NTM infections in Denmark over the past seven decades, with possible implications for diagnostic strategies, clinical management, and public health surveillance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized worldwide, yet the long-term epidemiology of these human pathogens remains poorly understood. By leveraging a unique historical collection of mycobacterial isolates, this study suggests a shift in the species spectrum responsible for NTM infections in Denmark over the past seven decades, with\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                        now predominating. Sequencing of historical isolates further uncovered several rare or previously unrecognized\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                        species, illustrating the dynamic nature of NTM epidemiology over time. These findings underscore the need for sustained surveillance, precise species-level identification, and heightened clinical awareness to guide effective management of NTM infections amid a continually evolving disease landscape.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01561-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:38:21Z","timestamp":1776692301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seven decades of nontuberculous mycobacteria in Denmark: shifts in species distribution and clinical relevance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5214-3420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xenia Emilie Sinding","family":"Iversen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417ye583","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1282-394X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anders","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417ye583","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-4586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dorte Bek","family":"Folkvardsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417ye583","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-7598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik Michael","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417ye583","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0797-1080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417ye583","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3301-9480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leen","family":"Rigouts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteriology\/Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"Meehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteriology\/Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xyxjd90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University","place":["Nottingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5759-9769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lars","family":"Jelsbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qtj9h94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark","place":["Kgs. 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