{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:49:09Z","timestamp":1784875749928,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dirofilariasis is globally the commonest manifestation of zoonotic filariasis. We report the detection of a novel canine species causing human and canine dirofilariasis in Hong Kong. Three human cases occurring over 10 months were identified, one presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy, one with an abdominal subcutaneous mass, and one with a subconjunctival nodule. Transected worms recovered from the resected abdominal subcutaneous mass were morphologically compatible with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Dirofilaria<\/jats:named-content>. The<jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>gene sequences of the three human isolates were identical; however, they were only 96.2% and 89.3% identical to the<jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>gene of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:named-content>, respectively. Sequencing of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S gene cluster was successful in the intact worm, and the nucleotide sequences were 94.0% and 94.9% identical to those of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">D. repens<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">D. immitis<\/jats:named-content>, respectively. Screening of the blood samples from 200 dogs and 100 cats showed the presence of the novel<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Dirofilaria<\/jats:named-content>species in 3% (6\/200) of the dogs' but none of the cats' blood samples. Nucleotide sequences of the<jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>gene and 18S-ITS1-5.8S gene clusters of the dogs' samples were identical to those in the human samples. The sera of canines infected by this novel<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Dirofilaria<\/jats:named-content>species were negative when tested with the SNAP 4Dx<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">D. immitis<\/jats:named-content>detection kit, except in the case of dogs with a mixed infection with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">D. immitis<\/jats:named-content>as detected by PCR. The results from this study suggest that this novel<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Dirofilaria<\/jats:named-content>species is a cause of filarial infection in humans and dogs in Hong Kong. We propose to name this<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Dirofilaria<\/jats:named-content>species \u201c<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candidatu<\/jats:named-content>s Dirofilaria hongkongensis.\u201d<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01590-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]],"date-time":"2012-08-23T02:42:29Z","timestamp":1345689749000},"page":"3534-3541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["A Novel Dirofilaria Species Causing Human and Canine Infections in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Kelvin K. W.","family":"To","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samson S. Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosana W. S.","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel J.","family":"Trendell-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio H. Y.","family":"Ngan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacky W. 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