{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:33:23Z","timestamp":1790188403497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009054","name":"U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 GH000447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 GH000447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust DELTAS Initiatives\/Sub-Saharan Africa Network for TB\/HIV Research Excellence","award":["107752\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107752\/Z\/15\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Routine monitoring of HIV-1 RNA or viral load (VL) in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important, but there are multiple impediments to VL testing in resource-constrained settings. An accurate point-of-care (POC) HIV-1 VL test could alleviate many of these challenges. We compared the performance of the Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 VL assay against the laboratory-based Abbott\n            <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n            2000sp\/\n            <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n            2000rt assay (Abbott assay). ART-naive individuals participating in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project in 20 communities provided EDTA-blood specimens during household surveys. Both the POC Xpert HIV-1 VL and Abbott assays were performed on specimens sampled from 277 individuals. We found a high correlation between the Xpert HIV-1 VL and Abbott assay results (\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            = 0.92;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). The overall mean difference in the HIV-1 RNA values obtained by Xpert HIV-1 VL assay and Abbott assay was 0.34 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            copies\/ml (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26 to 0.40 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            copies\/ml) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). Using a clinically relevant level of 1,000 copies\/ml as a threshold, agreement was 90.6% (95% CI, 87.9 to 93.1%), with a sensitivity of 98.6% (95% CI, 97.2 to 100%). The two methods agreed on their detectability of HIV-1 RNA (&gt;40 copies\/ml) at 97.1% (95% CI, 95.5 to 98.7%), with a sensitivity of 99.6% (95% CI, 97.2 to 100%). The POC Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 VL assay showed high agreement and accuracy with a laboratory-based method of HIV-1 RNA testing. The POC Xpert HIV-1 VL assay tended to overestimate HIV-1 VL, although the difference was below a clinically relevant threshold of 0.5 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            copies\/ml. The POC Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 VL assay is a promising tool for monitoring patients on ART in southern Africa.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01594-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T02:29:35Z","timestamp":1476325775000},"page":"3050-3055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Point-of-Care Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load Test in Rural African Communities Is Feasible and Reliable"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sikhulile","family":"Moyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"University of Stellenbosch, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences, Tygerberg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Prague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bennett Statistical Consulting, Inc., Ballston Lake, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly Pretorius","family":"Holme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Mupfumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philemon","family":"Sebogodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha O.","family":"Moraka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corretah","family":"Boleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Comfort N.","family":"Maphorisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boitumelo","family":"Seraise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simani","family":"Gaseitsiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary M.","family":"Musonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"van Widenfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Powis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tendani","family":"Gaolathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Tchetgen Tchetgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Makhema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Essex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Lockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Novitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)00037-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200005260-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO. 2015. Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/179870\/1\/9789241508926_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","volume-title":"Guideline on when start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO. 2015. Guideline on when start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/186275\/1\/9789241509565_eng.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/102598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03048-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6446a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2015.1058896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.7799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00362-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00593-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03325-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01806-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Virology quality assurance","author":"HIV\/AIDS Network Coordination","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS Network Coordination. 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Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0696-625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02461-13"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01594-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01594-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T09:36:24Z","timestamp":1646472984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01594-16"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Loeffelholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01594-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01594-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}