{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:33:30Z","timestamp":1791282810595,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) release assays (IGRAs) are functional assays used serially to measure the efficacy of novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines and to screen health care workers for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, studies have shown nonreproducible IGRA results. In this study, we investigated the effects of blood volume (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 ml), tube shaking (gentle versus vigorous), and incubation duration (16, 20, and 24 h) on the reproducibility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) results for 50 subjects (33 uninfected and 17 infected). The median IFN-\u03b3 TB response (TB antigen [Ag] minus nil value) was significantly higher with 0.8 ml blood (1.04 IU\/ml) than with 1.0 ml (0.85 IU\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.002) or 1.2 ml (0.49 IU\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) for subjects with LTBI. Compared with 0.8 ml (11.8%), there were larger proportions of false-negative results with 1.0 ml (29.4%;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.2) and 1.2 ml (41.2%;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.05) of blood for infected subjects. Blood volume did not significantly change the proportions of positive results in uninfected controls. Compared with gentle shaking, vigorous shaking increased the median IFN-\u03b3 response in nil (0.04 versus 0.06 IU\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) and TB Ag (0.12 versus 0.24 IU\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.004) tubes and increased TB responses (TB Ag\n            <jats:sub>vigorous<\/jats:sub>\n            minus nil\n            <jats:sub>gentle<\/jats:sub>\n            ) (0.02 versus 0.08 IU\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.004). The duration of incubation did not have a significant impact on the proportion of positive results in uninfected or infected subjects. This study identified blood volume and tube shaking as novel preanalytical sources of variability which require further standardization in order to improve the quality and reproducibility of QFT-GIT results.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01627-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T04:05:55Z","timestamp":1377144355000},"page":"3521-3526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Impact of Blood Volume, Tube Shaking, and Incubation Time on Reproducibility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Assay"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Rajiv L.","family":"Gaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhukar","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niaz","family":"Banaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M\/XDR-TB): 2010 global report on surveillance and response","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2010. Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M\/XDR-TB): 2010 global report on surveillance and response. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"49","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society. 2000. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 49(RR-6):1\u201351.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. 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Risk of tuberculosis infection and disease associated with work in health care settings. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 11:593\u2013605.","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","volume-title":"QuantiFERON-TB Gold package insert","author":"Cellestis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cellestis. 2013. QuantiFERON-TB Gold package insert. 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