{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T15:55:44Z","timestamp":1761580544398},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes have been used for almost a decade as stable entities to link the severity of gastritis and ulcer disease. We describe here microevolution of the two genomic islands,\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            pathogenicity island (\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            PAI; 40 kb) and\n            <jats:italic>tfs3<\/jats:italic>\n            (16 kb) from isolates obtained at inclusion (one subclone) and after a 10-year period (two subclones) from a duodenal ulcer patient. Our results indicate microevolution in\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>cag7<\/jats:italic>\n            genes of the\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            PAI and open reading frames G, P, and L in\n            <jats:italic>tfs3<\/jats:italic>\n            , which possibly leads to inactivation or pseudogenization of these genes. Interestingly, no significant reduction in the severity of gastroduodenal pathology was found. These results point to an obvious difficulty in correlating the continuously evolving virulence factors such as the\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            PAI genes with disease characteristics that appear to remain stable.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01631-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T01:25:01Z","timestamp":1192670701000},"page":"4039-4043","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Microevolution of\n            <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            Type IV Secretion Systems in an Ulcer Disease Patient over a Ten-Year Period"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Alvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Manjulata","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irshad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Allied Hospitals, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Abid","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Rizwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He\u0301rve","family":"Lamouliatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service He\u0301pato-Gastroente\u0301rologie, Ho\u0302pital Saint Andre\u0301, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Me\u0301graud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISOGEM Working Group on Genetics of Helicobacters, International Society for Genomic and Evolutionary Microbiology (ISOGEM), Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"INSERM U853 and Universite\u0301 Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 33076 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niyaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"},{"name":"ISOGEM Working Group on Genetics of Helicobacters, International Society for Genomic and Evolutionary Microbiology (ISOGEM), Sassari, 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