{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:24:24Z","timestamp":1778081064117,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The objective of this study was to examine the effects of clinical factors and of the type and timing of a secondary test in improving the sensitivity of\n            <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            detection in young women over that of a wet mount alone. For this purpose, sexually active adolescent women (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 345) were recruited from a hospital teen clinic or emergency department. Following an interview and a pelvic exam, four primary\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            tests (wet mount, culture, a rapid test, and a nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT]) were performed on vaginal swabs. If the wet-mount result was negative, two secondary tests (culture and a rapid test) were performed on the used wet-mount swab and saline. A positive result by any of the four primary tests was considered a true\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive result. The prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            was 18.8% overall and 8.8% in the 307 wet-mount-negative women. There was 100% concordance between primary and secondary rapid tests. Secondary culture was 80% sensitive compared to primary culture. The likelihood of a positive rapid test increased with increasing time between specimen collection and testing. A wet mount followed by a rapid test was the most sensitive strategy using two tests (86.4%; confidence interval [CI], 75.3 to 93.4%). Limiting secondary testing to those with multiple partners resulted in a lower sensitivity (73.9%; CI, 61.5 to 84%) that was not significantly better than that of the wet mount alone (58.5%; CI, 45.6 to 70.6%). We conclude that a rapid test can be delayed or performed on a used swab with no loss of sensitivity. Until a NAAT for\n            <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            is commercially available, a stepwise approach using an additional rapid test for wet-mount-negative women is recommended for adolescent women regardless of clinical factors.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01656-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,6]],"date-time":"2008-11-06T01:54:44Z","timestamp":1225936484000},"page":"59-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Stepwise Diagnosis of\n            <i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>\n            Infection in Adolescent Women"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Pattullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Griffeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Huppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"297","volume":"73","year":"1997","unstructured":"Borchardt, K. A., M. Z. Zhang, H. Shing, and K. Flink. 1997. A comparison of the sensitivity of the InPouch TV, Diamond's and Trichosel media for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. Genitourin. Med.73:297-298.","journal-title":"Genitourin. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"52","volume":"55","year":"2006","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006. Guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases: trichomoniasis. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.55:52-54.","journal-title":"trichomoniasis. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01447-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199908000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.2.684-687.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000179874.76360.ad"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.7.2369-2370.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.2.151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000143091.95094.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3600604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00466-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01656-08","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01656-08","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T06:40:51Z","timestamp":1646462451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01656-08"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01656-08"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01656-08","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-10-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}