{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:01:40Z","timestamp":1774123300585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Given the increasing prevalence of cryptococcosis caused by\n Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:italic>\n (serotypes B and C) strains, there is a need for rapid and reliable tests that discriminate\n C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n from\n Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n (serotypes A, D, and AD). Seventy-two\n C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n strains, sixty-seven\n C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n strains, and five\n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n strains were analyzed for their ability to grow and produce pigment on minimal\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -tryptophan\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -proline (m-DTDP) medium, on yeast carbon base\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -tryptophan\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -proline (YCB-DTDP) medium, and on fructose\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -tryptophan glycine (m-FDTG) medium. Of the\n C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n isolates, 94% and 0% grew on m-DTDP agar, respectively, and 98% and 0% grew in YCB-DTDP medium, respectively.\n C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n produced large amounts of brown intracellular pigment(s) on m-DTDP agar and smaller amounts of yellow-brown (amber) extracellular pigment(s).\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n grew on both media and produced a pink photoactivated pigment on m-DTDP agar.\n C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n produced large amounts of brown intracellular pigments on the differential medium m-FDTG, whereas\n C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n produced smaller amounts of the brown pigments and\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n produced a pink pigment. The pigments produced by\n C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n from\n d<\/jats:sc>\n -tryptophan were distinct and were not related to melanin formation from 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Thin-layer chromatography of the methanol-extracted\n C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n cells detected four different pigments, including brown (two types), yellow, and pink-purple compounds. We conclude that tryptophan-derived pigments are not melanins and that growth on m-DTDP or YCB-DTDP agar can be used to rapidly differentiate\n C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n from\n C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01721-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,7]],"date-time":"2007-11-07T20:59:47Z","timestamp":1194469187000},"page":"255-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Growth and Pigment Production on\n d<\/scp>\n -Tryptophan Medium by\n Cryptococcus gattii<\/i>\n ,\n Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n , and\n Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Stuart","family":"Chaskes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York 11735"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Frases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Imaging Facility and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Gerfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Casadevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.96.1.259-265.1968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.458-461.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.4.1170-1172.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00362177885380231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3590715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00437156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m74-091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.7.2.146-152.1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.1.6.509-514.1975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00440970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.040875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi027000r"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1987.tb03833.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.12.3.332-335.1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/011049-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1993.tb00587.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.838-840.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.2.1542-1550.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01947-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2005.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05427-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1993.tb01702.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402981101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-28-4-616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.15.3.535-537.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.18.6.1419-1421.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00088.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"77","volume":"1","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martinez Machin, G., L. 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