{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:16:30Z","timestamp":1777598190755,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            An outbreak of campylobacteriosis affected approximately one-half of 165 people attending an annual farmers' dance in Montrose, Scotland, in November 2005. Epidemiological investigations, including a cohort study (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 164), identified chicken liver pate\u0301 as the most likely vehicle of infection. Pate\u0301 preparation involved deliberate undercooking of chicken livers by flash-frying, followed by mechanical homogenization. Typing of 32\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            strains (isolated from submitted stools) by multilocus sequence typing identified four distinct clades of\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            . There was good agreement when isolates were typed by Penner serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and\n            <jats:italic>flaA<\/jats:italic>\n            short variable region sequencing but poorer agreement with phage and antibiotic susceptibility testing. At least three attendees were coinfected with two\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            strains each. The outbreak was probably due to several livers contributing\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            strains that survived undercooking and were dispersed throughout the pate\u0301. The study highlights improper culinary procedures as a potential human health risk and provides a striking counterexample to the \u201cdominant outbreak strain\u201d view of point source outbreaks of food-borne infections. It also demonstrates that previous exposure to biologically plausible sources of\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            may confer protection against subsequent infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01731-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T01:58:25Z","timestamp":1226541505000},"page":"111-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["<i>Campylobacter<\/i>\n            Immunity and Coinfection following a Large Outbreak in a Farming Community"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"K. J.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. 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