{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:10:43Z","timestamp":1768349443274,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011913","name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["VGHKS-102-88"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGHKS-102-88"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Foundation In Memory of Dr. Deh Lin Cheng","award":["212347-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212347-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Modified disk diffusion (MDD) and checkerboard tests were employed to assess the synergy of combinations of vancomycin and \u03b2-lactam antibiotics for 59 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (MRSA) and Mu50 (ATCC 700699). Bacterial inocula equivalent to 0.5 and 2.0 McFarland standard were inoculated on agar plates containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 \u03bcg\/ml of vancomycin. Oxacillin-, cefazolin-, and cefoxitin-impregnated disks were applied to the surface, and the zones of inhibition were measured at 24 h. The CLSI-recommended checkerboard method was used as a reference to detect synergy. The MICs for vancomycin were determined using the Etest method, broth microdilution, and the Vitek 2 automated system. Synergy was observed with the checkerboard method in 51% to 60% of the isolates when vancomycin was combined with any \u03b2-lactam. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices were significantly lower in MRSA isolates with higher vancomycin MIC combinations (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). The overall agreement between the MDD and checkerboard methods to detect synergy in MRSA isolates with bacterial inocula equivalent to McFarland standard 0.5 were 33.0% and 62.5% for oxacillin, 45.1% and 52.4% for cefazolin, and 43.1% and 52.4% for cefoxitin when combined with 0.5 and 2 \u03bcg\/ml of vancomycin, respectively. Based on our study, the simple MDD method is not recommended as a replacement for the checkerboard method to detect synergy. However, it may serve as an initial screening method for the detection of potential synergy when it is not feasible to perform other labor-intensive synergy tests.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01779-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T04:35:44Z","timestamp":1450326944000},"page":"565-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Synergy of \u03b2-Lactams with Vancomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Correlation of Disk Diffusion and Checkerboard Methods"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Cheng Len","family":"Sy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsi-Shu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chii Shiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao-Shen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shue-Renn","family":"Wann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Sheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Kuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan Shin-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Ching","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07324-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"abstr L-404","author":"Musallam N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Musallam N, Minejima E, Ho J, Ny P, Yamaki J, Brauer E, She R, Bensman J, Nieberg P, Wong-Beringer A. 2014. Empirical combination of vancomycin and a \u03b2-lactam improves early outcomes for S. aureus bacteremia (SAB), abstr L-404. Abstr 54th Intersci Conf Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1292-1294.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.5.1394-1396.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.7.1747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00232-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911183412117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3055-3060.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01527-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"CLSI document M100-S23","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2013. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 23rd informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S23. 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