{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:44:48Z","timestamp":1791218688848,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Members of the\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex (MAC) are ubiquitous bacteria that can be found in water, food, and other environmental samples and are considered opportunistic pathogens for numerous animal species, mainly birds and pigs, as well as for humans. We have recently demonstrated the usefulness of a PCR-based mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing for the molecular characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains exclusively isolated from AIDS patients. In the present study we extended our analysis, based on eight MIRU-VNTR markers, to a strain collection comprehensively comprising the other\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies, including\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>hominissuis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>silvaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , isolated from numerous animal species, HIV-positive and HIV-negative humans, and environmental sources. All strains were fully typeable, with the discriminatory index being 0.885, which is almost equal to that obtained by IS\n                    <jats:italic>1311<\/jats:italic>\n                    restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing as a reference. In contrast to IS\n                    <jats:italic>1311<\/jats:italic>\n                    RFLP typing, MIRU-VNTR typing was able to further discriminate\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. MIRU-VNTR alleles strongly associated with or specific for\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies were detected in several markers. Moreover, the MIRU-VNTR typing-based results were consistent with a scenario of the independent evolution of\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>silvaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    from\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>hominissuis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , previously proposed on the basis of multilocus sequence analysis. MIRU-VNTR typing therefore appears to be a convenient typing method capable of distinguishing the three main subspecies and strains of the complex and providing new epidemiological knowledge on MAC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01869-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]],"date-time":"2010-01-27T21:48:42Z","timestamp":1264628922000},"page":"1026-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Determination of Genotypic Diversity of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    Subspecies from Human and Animal Origins by Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat and IS\n                    <i>1311<\/i>\n                    Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing Methods"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Radomski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 Zoonoses Bacte\u0301riennes, Laboratoire d'E\u0301tudes et de Recherches en Pathologie Animale et Zoonoses, Agence Franc\u0327aise de Se\u0301curite\u0301 Sanitaire des Aliments, 23 Av. du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort F-94706 Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie C.","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR1282, Infectiologie Animale, Sante\u0301 Publique (IASP-311), INRA Centre de Tours, Nouzilly F-37380, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudine","family":"Karoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 Zoonoses Bacte\u0301riennes, Laboratoire d'E\u0301tudes et de Recherches en Pathologie Animale et Zoonoses, Agence Franc\u0327aise de Se\u0301curite\u0301 Sanitaire des Aliments, 23 Av. du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort F-94706 Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystel","family":"de Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 Zoonoses Bacte\u0301riennes, Laboratoire d'E\u0301tudes et de Recherches en Pathologie Animale et Zoonoses, Agence Franc\u0327aise de Se\u0301curite\u0301 Sanitaire des Aliments, 23 Av. du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort F-94706 Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Cochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR1282, Infectiologie Animale, Sante\u0301 Publique (IASP-311), INRA Centre de Tours, Nouzilly F-37380, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Gutie\u0301rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIND, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Avenue de Bude\u0301 16, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Supply","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U629"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, Rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 447, Lille F-59021 Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Biet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR1282, Infectiologie Animale, Sante\u0301 Publique (IASP-311), INRA Centre de Tours, Nouzilly F-37380, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari\u0301a Laura","family":"Boschiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 Zoonoses Bacte\u0301riennes, Laboratoire d'E\u0301tudes et de Recherches en Pathologie Animale et Zoonoses, Agence Franc\u0327aise de Se\u0301curite\u0301 Sanitaire des Aliments, 23 Av. du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort F-94706 Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.11.3091-3098.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.061143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-8508(03)00047-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"328","volume":"3","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cocito, C., P. Gilot, M. Coene, M. de Kesel, P. Poupart, and P. Vannuffel. 1994. Paratuberculosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 3 : 328-345.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00063806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"29","year":"1989","unstructured":"David, H., V. L\u00e9vy-Frebault, and M. F. Thorel. 1989. Isolement des mycobact\u00e9ries \u00e0 partir de produits pathologiques d'origine humaine et animal, p. 29-43. In M\u00e9thodes de laboratoire pour mycobact\u00e9riologie clinique. Commission des Laboratoires de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence et d'Expertise, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.","journal-title":"Commission des Laboratoires de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence et d'Expertise, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3712-3719.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"26","year":"2004","unstructured":"Falkinham, J. O. 2004. Environmental sources of Mycobacterium avium linked to routes of exposure, p. 26-38. In S. Pedley, J. Bartram, G. Rees, A. Dufour, and J. Cotruvo (ed.), Pathogenic mycobacteria in water: a guide to public health consequences, monitoring and management. IWA Publishing, London, United Kingdom.","journal-title":"Pathogenic mycobacteria in water: a guide to public health consequences, monitoring and management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.2.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-5-1189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.2.304-307.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.11.2465-2466.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02373-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.3.266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2500-2502.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.9.2366-2372.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02157.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1261-1268.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-5-1505","volume":"52","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mijs, W., P. de Haas, R. Rossau, T. van der Laan, L. Rigouts, F. Portaels, and D. van Soolingen. 2002. Molecular evidence to support a proposal to reserve the designation Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium for bird-type isolates and M. avium subsp. hominissuis for the human\/porcine type of M. avium. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52 : 1505-1518.","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/89.3.583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5022-5028.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2008.11.1942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.2.212-217.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.10.2503-2510.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4561-4566.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-2-519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01392-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.6361999.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01905.x","volume":"36","year":"2000","unstructured":"Supply, P., E. Mazars, S. Lesjean, V. Vincent, B. Gicquel, and C. Locht. 2000. Variable human minisatellite-like regions in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. Mol. Microbiol. 36 : 762-771.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00476-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01349-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"439","volume":"28","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thorel, M. F., H. Huchzermeyer, R. Weiss, and J. J. Fontaine. 1997. Mycobacterium avium infections in animals. Vet. Res. 28 : 439-447.","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-40-3-254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01691-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.433-440.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00036-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4473-4479.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.3051-3054.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-43-3-482"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01869-09","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01869-09","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T20:09:05Z","timestamp":1739736545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01869-09"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01869-09"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01869-09","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-01-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}