{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:03:36Z","timestamp":1791266616941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an obligate intracellular parasite with a worldwide distribution, is the causative agent of Q fever in humans. We tested a total of 368 samples (placental bits, genital swabs, fecal swabs, and urine and serum samples) collected from women (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 74) with spontaneous abortions for\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    by a PCR assay targeting IS\n                    <jats:italic>1111<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the repetitive transposon-like region of\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (trans-PCR); real-time PCR; an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA); and the isolation of the pathogen. The IFA showed seropositivity for 25.68% of the women with spontaneous abortions, whereas trans-PCR and real-time PCR each detected the pathogen in 21.62% of cases. Overall, 25.68% of the subjects were positive by one or more assays. Real-time PCR showed a slightly higher level of sensitivity than trans-PCR. With the IFA as the reference, the two PCR assays showed a higher level of sensitivity (84.21%) than pathogen isolation (26.31%), while both the PCR assays and pathogen isolation were specific (100%). The detection of high numbers of\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells in clinical samples and the frequent association of the pathogen with cases of spontaneous abortions observed in this study revealed that Q fever remains underdiagnosed and that the prevalence in India is underestimated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01874-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,30]],"date-time":"2008-04-30T21:27:08Z","timestamp":1209590828000},"page":"2038-2044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Comparison of PCR, Immunofluorescence Assay, and Pathogen Isolation for Diagnosis of Q Fever in Humans with Spontaneous Abortions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"V. M.","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. V. S.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simranpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biotechnology Centre, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. B.","family":"Barbuddhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela, Old Goa 403 402, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.4.227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(99)00178-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.16.502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2003.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.1869-1874.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"924","volume":"51","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Q fever\u2014California, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, 2000-2001. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. 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