{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T22:06:32Z","timestamp":1792533992179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Early detection of multidrug-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            (MDR-TB) is of primary importance for both patient management and infection control. Optimal methods for identifying drug-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            in a timely and affordable way in resource-limited settings are not yet available. This study prospectively evaluated a low-technology but rapid drug susceptibility testing method, the microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay (MODS), in the concurrent detection of\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            and its susceptibilities to isoniazid and rifampin (two drugs defining multidrug-resistant\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            ) directly from sputum specimens. Sputum samples were collected from 262 smear-positive TB patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To undertake MODS, 100 \u03bcl of decontaminated samples was inoculated into a 24-well plate containing 1 ml of 7H9 broth with and without appropriate drugs. The assay uses an inverted-light microscope to detect characteristic mycobacterial growth in liquid culture. Of 262 smear-positive patients, MODS detected 254 (96.9%) and culture in Lo\u0308wenstein-Jensen medium detected 247 (94.3%) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.016). For the 247 cultures, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MODS for detecting MDR-TB were 92.0, 99.5, and 98.8%, respectively, using the method of proportion as a reference (concordance, 98.8%; kappa value, 0.932). Results for MODS were obtained in a median time of 9 days. MODS is an optimal alternative method for identifying MDR-TB in a timely and affordable way in resource-limited settings.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01949-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,25]],"date-time":"2007-01-25T05:51:58Z","timestamp":1169704318000},"page":"1093-1097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Evaluation of Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility Assay for Detection of Multidrug-Resistant\n            <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Girum","family":"Shiferaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimtubezinash","family":"Woldeamanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mekdes","family":"Gebeyehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feven","family":"Girmachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Demessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshetu","family":"Lemma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.871-873.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"580","volume":"2","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abate, G., R. N. Mshana, and H. Mi\u00f6rner. 1998. Evaluation of a colorimetric assay based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) for rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuber. Lung Dis.2:580-584.","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuber. Lung Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.16141"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.2.553-555.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"301","volume":"55","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2006. Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with extensive resistance to second-line drugs\u2014worldwide, 2000-2004. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.55:301-305.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"116","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arbeit, R. D. 1999. Laboratory procedures for epidemiologic analysis of microorganisms, p. 116-137. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 7th ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","journal-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"Caviedes L. J. Coronel C. Evans B. Gilman and D. Moore. 2004. MODS\u2014a user guide. [Online.] http:\/\/www.upch.edu.pe\/facien\/dbmbqf\/mods\/mods.htm\n."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1873-1874.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1203-1208.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"1004","volume":"41","year":"1997","unstructured":"Collins, L., and S. Franzblau. 1997. Microplate alamar blue assay versus BCTEC 460 system for high-throughput screening of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. J. Clin. Microbiol.41:1004-1009.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69575-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69573-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1501-1505.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"541","volume":"3","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heifets, L. B., and G. A. Cangelosi. 1999. Drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a neglected problem at the turn of the century. Int. J. Tuber. Lung Dis.3:541-581.","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuber. Lung Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"1601","year":"1999","unstructured":"Inderlied, C. B., and M. Salfinger. 1999. Antimicrobial agents and susceptibility tests, p. 1601-1623. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 7th ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","journal-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4454-4456.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Kent P. T. and G. P. Kubica. 1985. Public health mycobacteriology: a guide for the level III laboratory. Centers for Disease Control Atlanta GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00111304"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(88)90125-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/6.2.214"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5774-5777.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"399","year":"1999","unstructured":"Metchock, B. G., F. S. Nolte, and R. J. Wallace. 1999. Mycobacterium, p. 399-437. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 7th ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.","journal-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055524"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4432-4437.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.5.1214-1219.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4750-4752.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.1.45-48.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1109.041236"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5173-5177.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17705-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"51","volume":"19","year":"2005","unstructured":"WoldeMeskel, D., G. Abate, M. Lakew, S. Gosh, S. Selassie, H. Miorner, and A. Aseffa. 2005. Evaluation of a direct colorimetric assay for rapid detection of rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethiop. J. Health Dev.19:51-54.","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Dev."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 1998. Laboratory service in tuberculosis control: part III culture. WHO\/TB\/98.258. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2004. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world. Third global report. The WHO\/IUATLD global project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance 1999-2002. WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2004.343. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2006. Laboratory XDR-TB definitions. Meeting of the Global XDR-TB Task Force. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01949-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.01949-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T05:50:52Z","timestamp":1646459452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.01949-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.01949-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01949-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-09-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-01-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}