{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T07:23:55Z","timestamp":1781594635476,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The precise diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an essential task due to the disease's associated morbidity. A noninvasive, extremely sensitive, and highly specific exam is critical, particularly for mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), in which a low parasite quantity is expected. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of swab and biopsy sample analysis using SYBR Green- and TaqMan-based real-time PCR (qPCR) assays with that of a composite reference standard consisting of the Montenegro skin test, serology, histopathology, smears, culture, and conventional PCR. In total, 55 patients with ATL (ML, 18 patients; cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL], 37 patients) and 36 patients without ATL were studied. qPCR analysis of swabs was more accurate when using SYBR Green (87.88%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 77.86 to 93.73 patients) than when using TaqMan (78.79%; 95% CI, 67.49 to 86.92%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.031). SYBR Green (84.72%; 95% CI, 74.68 to 91.25%) was also more accurate than TaqMan (73.61%; 95% CI, 62.42 to 82.41%) for biopsy samples (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.008). All qPCR methods were 100% specific. Swabs and biopsy specimens had similar sensitivity when using the same chemistry (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.125 for SYBR Green and<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.625 for TaqMan). Moreover, qPCR achieved better performance than most existing techniques used for the diagnosis of ATL and also detected the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>parasite in a greater proportion of patients than the associated histopathology, smear, culture, and conventional PCR techniques did. Swabs therefore represent a useful diagnostic tool because they not only are noninvasive but also can achieve an accuracy similar to that of biopsy samples. The high accuracy of SYBR Green-based qPCR may also reduce the requirement for associated parasitological tests for ATL diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01954-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T03:00:43Z","timestamp":1481166043000},"page":"526-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Field Validation of SYBR Green- and TaqMan-Based Real-Time PCR Using Biopsy and Swab Samples To Diagnose American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in an Area Where Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Is Endemic"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3069-6884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro Martins","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Vicente","family":"Cesetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Aparecida","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dermatology, University Hospital of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Vernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Dermatology, University Hospital of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimunda Nonata Ribeiro","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Federal District, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Dermatomycology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Roselino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Dermatology, University Hospital of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil\u2013Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade (SVS)","year":"2007","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil\u2013Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade (SVS). 2007. Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana, 2nd ed. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2010. Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases. 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