{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:13:53Z","timestamp":1781648033905,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Cryptococcal disease most commonly occurs in patients with an underlying immune deficit, most commonly HIV infection, and is due to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n            var.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">grubii<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Occasionally disease due to this variety occurs in apparently immunocompetent patients. The relationship between strains infecting immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients is not clear. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to characterize the relationship between strains infecting HIV-infected and uninfected patients. Isolates from 51 HIV-uninfected patients and 100 HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis were compared.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n            var.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">grubii<\/jats:named-content>\n            VNI was responsible for infections in 73% of HIV-uninfected and 100% of HIV-infected patients. AFLP analysis defined two distinct clusters, VNI\u03b3 and VNI\u03b4. The majority (84%) of isolates from HIV-uninfected patients were VNI\u03b3, compared with only 38% of isolates from HIV-infected patients (odds ratio, 8.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.04 to 26.6;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0001). In HIV-uninfected patients, underlying disease was less frequent in those with VNI\u03b3 infections. Two clusters of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n            var.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">grubii<\/jats:named-content>\n            VN1 are responsible for the majority of cases of cryptococcal meningitis in Vietnam. The distribution of these clusters differs according to the immune status of the host.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01985-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,16]],"date-time":"2010-12-16T03:51:36Z","timestamp":1292471496000},"page":"658-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Most Cases of Cryptococcal Meningitis in HIV-Uninfected Patients in Vietnam Are Due to a Distinct Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism-Defined Cluster of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VN1"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jeremy N.","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thu N.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh V.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chau T. 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