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We prospectively evaluated the Active Melioidosis Detect (AMD; InBios International, USA) lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) for rapid detection of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            in turbid blood cultures, pus, sputum, sterile fluid, urine, and sera. The performance of this test was compared to that of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            detection using monoclonal antibody latex agglutination (LA) and immunofluorescence assays (IFA), with culture as the gold standard. AMD was 99% (99\/100; 95% confidence interval, 94.6 to 100%) sensitive and 100% (308\/308; 98.8 to 100%) specific on turbid blood culture bottles, with no difference from LA or IFA. AMD specificity was 100% on pus (122\/122; 97.0 to 100%), sputum (20\/20; 83.2 to 100%), and sterile fluid (44\/44; 92 to 100%). Sensitivity on these samples was as follows: pus, 47.1% (8\/17; 23.0 to 72.2%); sputum, 33.3% (1\/3; 0.84 to 90.6%); and sterile fluid, 0% (0\/2; 0 to 84.2%). For urine samples, AMD had a positive predictive value of 94% (32\/34; 79.7 to 98.5%) for diagnosing melioidosis in our cohort. AMD sensitivity on stored sera, collected prospectively from melioidosis cases during this study, was 13.9% (5\/36; 4.7% to 29.5%) compared to blood culture samples taken on the same day. In conclusion, AMD is an excellent tool for rapid diagnosis of melioidosis from turbid blood cultures and maintains specificity across all sample types. It is a promising tool for urinary antigen detection, which could revolutionize diagnosis of melioidosis in resource-limited settings. Further work is required to improve sensitivity on nonblood culture samples.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02002-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T09:54:33Z","timestamp":1525082073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the Lao People's Democratic Republic"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kate L.","family":"Woods","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latsaniphone","family":"Boutthasavong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caoimhe","family":"NicFhogartaigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR"},{"name":"Bart's Health Division of Infection, Pathology and Pharmacy Department, Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viengmon","family":"Davong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"AuCoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-7244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A. 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