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We re-identified 188 clinical isolates from the United States, which had a preliminary morphological identification of<jats:italic>Exophiala<\/jats:italic>species, by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA. Molecular identifications of the strains were as follows, in order of frequency: 55<jats:italic>E. dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>(29.3%), 37<jats:italic>E. xenobiotica<\/jats:italic>(19.7%), 35<jats:italic>E. oligosperma<\/jats:italic>(18.6%), 13<jats:italic>E. lecanii-corni<\/jats:italic>(6.9%), 12<jats:italic>E. phaeomuriformis<\/jats:italic>(6.4%), 7<jats:italic>E. jeanselmei<\/jats:italic>(3.7%), 7<jats:italic>E. bergeri<\/jats:italic>(3.7%), 6<jats:italic>E. mesophila<\/jats:italic>(3.2%), 5<jats:italic>E. spinifera<\/jats:italic>(2.7%), 3<jats:italic>Exophiala<\/jats:italic>sp. 1 (1.6%), 3<jats:italic>E. attenuata<\/jats:italic>(1.6%), 3<jats:italic>Phialophora europaea<\/jats:italic>(1.3%), 1<jats:italic>E. heteromorpha<\/jats:italic>(0.5%), and 1<jats:italic>Exophiala<\/jats:italic>sp. 2 (0.5%) strains.<jats:italic>Exophiala<\/jats:italic>strains were repeatedly isolated from deep infections (39.9%) involving lung, pleural fluid, sputum, digestive organs (stomach, intestines, bile), heart, brain, spleen, bone marrow, blood, dialysis fluid, lymph node, joint, breast, middle ear, throat, and intraocular tissues. About 38.3% of the<jats:italic>Exophiala<\/jats:italic>spp. strains were agents of cutaneous infections including skin, mucous membranes, nail, and corneal epithelium lesions. The other strains caused superficial infections (0.5%, including hair) or subcutaneous infection (12.0%, including paranasal sinusitis, mycetoma, and subcutaneous cyst). The systemic infections were preponderantly caused by<jats:italic>E. dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E. oligosperma<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E. phaeomuriformis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E. xenobiotica<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>E. lecanii-corni<\/jats:italic>. Strains of<jats:italic>E. bergeri<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E. spinifera<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E. jeanselmei<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E. mesophila<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>E. attenuata<\/jats:italic>mainly induced cutaneous and subcutaneous infections. Since relatively few unknown ITS motifs were encountered, we suppose that the list of opportunistic<jats:italic>Exophiala<\/jats:italic>species in temperate climates is nearing completion, but a number of species still have to be described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02012-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T04:42:48Z","timestamp":1183005768000},"page":"3713-3720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":222,"title":["Spectrum of Clinically Relevant<i>Exophiala<\/i>Species in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"J. S.","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, P.O. 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